Ch. 5: Development and socialization

Question 1

Constant across cultures

Answer 1

people wish to become competent, productive adults

Question 2

Different Across cultures

Answer 2

meaning of competent and productive

Question 3

Socialization

Answer 3

process by which we learn and internalize rules and patterns of society

Question 4

Enculturation

Answer 4

process of youngsters learning and adopting ways and manners of their culture

Question 5

What does social learning/ communication provide?

Answer 5

foundation for cooperation with other humans

Question 6

Temperament

Answer 6

biologically based style of interacting with the worlds that exists from birth

Question 7

Characteristics of easy temperament (thomas and chess)

Answer 7

adapt to new experiences, positive moods, normal eating and sleeping patterns, adaptable, positive and responsive

Question 8

Characteristics of difficult temperament

Answer 8

Very emotional, irritable and fussy, irregular sleep and eating patterns, withdrawn, negative mood

Question 9

Characteristics of slow to warm up temperament

Answer 9

withdrawn, slow to adapt, need time to make transitions in to new things

Question 10

Consequence

Answer 10

Fundamental differences in learning, social experiences, and culture as they grow up

Question 11

Attachment

Answer 11

special bond that develops between infant and caregiver

Question 12

What are the types of attachment styles?

Answer 12

secure, anxious ambivalent, avoidant

Question 13

1. Secure Attachment

Answer 13

infants have warm relationships with parents, distressed when mother leaves, seek mother, curious only when mother is present

Question 14

2. anxious ambivalent

Answer 14

shows distress when mother is present and absent, distressed when mother leaves but mixed signals when she comes back, pushes mother away and wants her close

Question 15

3. Avoidant

Answer 15

Detached around parents, distressed when mother leaves and avoids reuniting

Question 16

Adaptive in attachment

Answer 16

relationships that promotes the max level of safety for the child within a specific cultural context

Question 17

Parental ethnotheories

Answer 17

Parental cultural belief system (motivate and shape what parents think the right way to parent is)

Question 18

What are the parenting styles?

Answer 18

authoritarian, permissive, authoritative, uninvolved

Question 19

1. Authoritarian parenting

Answer 19

expect unquestioned obedience, view children as needing to be controlled, low warmth and responsiveness (tiger mom)

Question 20

2. Permissive Parenting

Answer 20

warm and nurturing, allow children to regulate own lives, few limits and control, lots of warmth

Question 21

3. Authoritative parenting

Answer 21

high in warmth and control, sets clear standards, high expectations

Question 22

4. Uninvolved parenting

Answer 22

do not respond appropriately to children, indifferent

Question 23

What are characteristics of a child of Authoritative parents? (Baumrind)

Answer 23

more positive, self reliant, higher emotional and social skills, lower depression, optimistic

Question 24

What are characteristics of a child of authoritarian parents?

Answer 24

more anxious, withdrawn, lack spontaneity and intellectual curiosity

Question 25

What are characteristics of children of permissive parents?

Answer 25

immature, have difficulties controlling their impulses and acting independently

Question 26

Which parenting styles does the chinese society use?

Answer 26

authoritarian (controlling) - tiger mom