Buffers

Question 1

buffer

Answer 1

Chemicals in body that combine with acid or base to change the pH

Excepts or releases H+

Question 2

bicarbonate

Answer 2

Main extracellular buffer

CO2 byproduct of all cellular metabolism

Combines with water to form carbonic acid

Question 3

what chemical breaks carbonic acid down

Answer 3

Carbonic anhydrase

Question 4

phosphate buffer

Answer 4

Intracellular buffer

Question 5

Protein buffers

Answer 5

carboxyl group
Amino group
Hemoglobin group

Question 6

Carboxyl group

Answer 6

includes amino acid and acetic acid

Weak acid that gives up H+

Question 7

Amino group

Answer 7

amino acid, ammonia

Accepts H+

Question 8

Hemoglobin group

Answer 8

Picks up CO2 at cellular level

Question 9

Effects of increased hydrogen ion concentration

Answer 9

decrease pH – more acidic
H + moves into cell
More positive charged ions in cell
K+ moves out of cell
Electrical neutrality

Question 10

T/F if kidneys are working they will excrete access K+

Answer 10

True

Question 11

respiratory mechanisms

Answer 11

Exhalation excretes carbonic acid

PH can be adjusted by changing the rate and depth of breathing

Question 12

do respiratory mechanisms affect lactic acid?

Answer 12

No, it doesn’t affect non-volatile acids

Question 13

kidney excretion

Answer 13

Can eliminate large amounts of acid, except for carbonic acid

Can excrete base

Can conserve and produce bicarbonate ions

Question 14

what is the most effective regulator of pH?

Answer 14

Kidney excretion

Question 15

if kidneys fail, does the pH balance fail?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

buffer rate of correction

Answer 16

Instantaneous

Question 17

respiratory mechanism rate of correction

Answer 17

Minutes to hours

Quickest

Question 18

Renal mechanism rate of correction

Answer 18

hours to days

Longer lasting

Question 19

acidosis pH

Answer 19

<7.35

Question 20

alkalosis pH

Answer 20

> 7.45

Question 21

what occurs if the underlying problem is metabolic?

Answer 21

Respiratory compensation

Hypoventilation
Hyperventilation

Question 22

what occurs if the problem is respiratory?

Answer 22

Metabolic compensation

Question 23

what triggers the lungs to increase, or decrease rate, and depth of breathing to adjust the pH?

Answer 23

Excess CO2

Question 24

relationship for hyperventilation

Answer 24

CO2 blown off
Increased pH

Question 25

relationship for hypoventilation

Answer 25

CO2 retained
Decreased pH

Question 26

what occurs with renal control of pH?

Answer 26

Amount of bicarb is adjusted by being re-absorbed into the bloodstream or excreted in urine

Question 27

if the blood is too acidic –

Answer 27

Kidneys reabsorb bicarbonate

Question 28

if blood is too alkalotic –

Answer 28

Kidneys excrete bicarbonate

Question 29

normals of ABG

Answer 29

PH 7.35-7.45
CO2 35-45
pO2 80-100
HCO3 22-26
O2 sat 95-100