Genetics

Question 1

What is asexual reproduction

Answer 1

This is when only 1 parent forms genetically identical offspring

Question 2

What is sexual reroduction

Answer 2

This when two parents are needed to produce a genetically different offspring

Question 3

What are some advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 3

-this can produce lots of offspring very quicky
-not a lot of energy is required as only one parent is needed

Question 4

What are some advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 4

-creates genetic variation in the population
- if the environment changes, it is likely that some of the organisms will have the characteristics to survive
- offspring will be better adapted to survive the environment

Question 5

What are some disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 5

-there is no genetic variation, so if there is a change in environment, all of them will die

Question 6

What are some disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 6

• it takes a long time and requires a lot of energy
• two parents are needed

Question 7

What is DNA made of

Answer 7

It’s made of polymers called nucleotides

Question 8

How is one strand of nucleotide layed out

Answer 8

Phosphate-Sugar-Base-Base-Sugar-Phosphate

Question 9

What are the 4 bases and how are they paired up

Answer 9

Adenine-Thymine
Cytosine-Guanine

Question 10

What are the base pairs joined up by?

Answer 10

Weak hydrogen bonds

Question 11

What are proteins made of?

Answer 11

Long chains of amino acids

Question 12

How is the amino acid coded?

Answer 12

They are coded by a sequence of three bases called base triplets

Question 13

What are the two stages of protein synthesis

Answer 13

Transcription and Translation

Question 14

What happens in the transcription stage of protein synthesis

Answer 14

1. mRNA polymerase enzyme cuts the DNA strand to make it a single strand(mRNA)
2. Uracil replaces thymine in this process
3. This mRNA will then move out of the nucleus and into the ribosomes

Question 15

What happens in the translation stage of protein synthesis

Answer 15

1. mRNA reaches the ribosomes
2. Amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by the tRNA
3. The order of the amino acids is determined by the base triplets(codons.) The amino acids are complementary to the codons.
4. The amino acids are then joined together to make a protein

Question 16

what is Gregor Mendel famous for?

Answer 16

he is famous for his experiment where he bred pea plants with different heights. in this, he found that all the offspring were tall. he then bred two tall offspring and together and they produced 1 short for every 3 tall. this shows that the short allele was being carried

Question 17

what are the 3 different blood types for alleles

Answer 17

I^O,I^A,I^B

Question 18

what are the 4 different blood types

Answer 18

A, B, O and AB

Question 19

what was the human genome project

Answer 19

this was a project that started to find every single human gene. it had found around 20500. this had many benefits for medicine

Question 20

what are some benefits from the human genome project to medicine

Answer 20

1. prediction and prevention of diseases
2. testing and treatment for inherited disorders
   3.new and better medicines

Question 21

why is the probability of a man getting a sex linked disorder higher than a woman

Answer 21

because there isn’t another allele on the Y chromosome to mask the effect of the allele in the X chromosome