Lecture 6

Question 1

Buffers

Answer 1

solutions that resist pH changes
Act by neutralizing added acid or base
Made by preparing a solution of a weak acid/base and the salt of its conjugate acid/base

Question 2

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

Answer 2

Used to calculate pH of buffer solution

Question 3

In the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation, if A and B are equal…

Answer 3

pH=pKa
This is a buffer equally prepared to neutralize acids and bases

Question 4

H+/OH- catalyze what?

Answer 4

hydrolysis/condensation reactions

Question 5

pH affects?

Answer 5

the charge on an enzyme
its shape
ability to function

Question 6

Forms of dissolved CO2 steps

Answer 6

1. dissolved CO2 forms carbonic acid H2CO3
2. Carbonic acid then forms the bicarbonate ion HCO3-
3. Bicarbonate can go on to form carbonate ion CO32-

Question 7

Removal of CO2 by the lungs does what?

Answer 7

shifts this reaction to the left (by Le Chateliers Principle) reducing carbonic acid and raising pH

Question 8

Respiratory Acidosis/ Alkalosis

Answer 8

Acidosis /alkalosis due to breathing problems (removal of CO2)

Question 9

Metabolic Acidosis or Alkalosis

Answer 9

Acidosis or alkalosis due to metabolic problems (diarrhea/vomiting, ketoacidosis, or kidneys problems)

Question 10

pH Compensation

Answer 10

If one of the two modes of pH regulation fails, the other will try to Compensate

Question 11

Partial compensation

Answer 11

pH is not returned to the reference range: 7.35-7.45

Question 12

What is the normal body pH range?

Answer 12

7.35-7.45

Question 13

Full compensation

Answer 13

pH is returned to the reference range: 7.35-7.45

Question 14

Vomiting

Answer 14

Vomiting removes stomach acid
Raises pH, metabolic alkalosis

Question 15

Diarrhea

Answer 15

causes loss of bicarbonate
Lowers ph, metabolic acidosis

Question 16

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 16

Reduced CO2elimination

Question 17

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 17

increase CO2 elimination