Midterm 3 - Lecture 20 Flashcards

1
Q

When do stages of repro behaviour occur in males?

A

can occur at any time

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2
Q

When do stages of repro behaviour occur in females?

A

sexual activity confined to estrus

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3
Q

What are the 3 stages of repro behaviour in males?

A

Precopulatory stage
Copulatory stage
Postcopulatory stage

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4
Q

What are the 3 stages of repro behaviour in females?

A
  1. attractivity
  2. proceptivity
  3. receptivity
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5
Q

What is the sequence of events for precopulatory behaviour in males?

A

search for sexual partner
courtship
sexual arousal
erection penile protrusion

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6
Q

What is the sequence of events for copulatory behaviour in males?

A

mounting
intromission
ejaculation

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7
Q

What is the sequence of events for postcopulatory behaviour in males?

A

dismount
refractory period
memory

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8
Q

Flehman response

A

in the presence of females, the male will lift their upper lip to expose the vomeronasal organ which is a bypass directly into the sinuses to help them detect pheromones when they are present

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9
Q

What are ‘warm-up’ stalls? What are they used for?

A
  • stimulate sexual behaviour
  • if you want to collect semen (AI), have to create enviro to stimulate males even if female isn’t present
  • bulls waiting; stimulated by lots of visuals
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10
Q

Female sexual behaviour - attractivity

A
  • behaviour and other signals that attract the male
  • locomotion, postures (lordosis), vocalization, pheromones (in urine)
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11
Q

Lordosis

A

female turns hindquarters to male, arching of back, deviation of tail

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12
Q

Female sexual behaviour - proceptivity

A
  • behaviours by the female towards the male to stimulate copulation
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13
Q

Female sexual behaviour - receptivity

A
  • copulatory behaviour (stance) by the female
  • ‘subcoming’ to the mating process
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14
Q

How is physical activity related to estrus?

A
  • female in estrus are moving around more which increases the likelihood they will interact with the male
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15
Q

What is reproductive behaviour controlled by?

A

the CNS

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16
Q

How does the CNS control repro behaviour?

A
  1. Sensory stimulation initiates repro behaviour
    - visual, olfactory, auditory and/or tactile stimulus send messages to hypothalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
    - under the control of E2 (males and females)- sensory inputs cause the release of neurotransmitters that act on the midbrain
    - females: E2 from ovarian follicles
    - males: T4 converted to E2 by aromatase
  3. Midbrain
    - neurotransmitters stimulate the production of nervous signals (rapid impulses) to the Medulla
  4. Medulla
    - nervous signals relayed to the spinal cord
  5. Spinal Cord
    - nervous signal sent to the muscles that cause lordosis &/or mounting
17
Q

When is reproductive behaviour programmed? How?

A

During prenatal development
- high concentrations of E2 causes the developing behaviour related brain centers to be “defeminized”
- in the absence of high E2 concentrations the developing behaviour related brain centers become “fully feminized”

18
Q

What happens if a female fetus is exposed to steroids prenatally?

A
  • both E2 and T4 will decrease estrous behaviour and increase male-like behaviour
19
Q

What happens if a male fetus is exposed to steroids prenatally?

A
  • E2, P4, or T4 = no effect, normal male behaviour
20
Q

What stimulates ejaculation in Bull & Ram, Stallion, Boar, and Dog?

A

Bull & Ram: temperature
Stallion: Friction
Boar: Pressure on glans penis
Dog: Pression on penis

21
Q

What are the 3 stages of dog mating?

A
  1. First Stage Coitus (1-2 min)
    - female stands, male mounts and puts penis in
  2. The Turn (2-5 sec)
    - swelling of glands, locks penis
  3. Second Stage Coitus (5-45 min)
    - tail to tail
    - bulbourus gland and erectile tissue swollen
    - nothing you can do