Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Paper 3 > Flashcards

Paper 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Lab Experiment

A
  1. Conducted under highly controlled conditions (not necessarily a laboratory), where accurate measurements are possible
  2. The researcher decides where the experiment will take place, at what time, with which participants, in what circumstances and using a standardized procedure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Field Experiment

A
  1. Are done in the everyday (i.e. real life) environment of the participants
  2. The experimenter still manipulates the independent variable, but in a real-life setting (so cannot really control extraneous variables)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Quasi Experiment

A
  1. Participants cannot be randomly assigned to the independent variable
  2. The independent variable can not be randomly assigned because it is an innate difference of the participants themselves (eg. depressed versus non-depressed)
  3. Quasi-experiments are most likely to be conducted in field settings in which random assignment is difficult or impossible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Natural Experiment

A
  1. Are conducted in the everyday (i.e. real life) environment of the participants
  2. The experimenter has no control over the independent variable as it occurs naturally in real life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Correlational Study

A
  1. Correlational research is a type of nonexperimental research in which the researcher measures two variables and assesses the statistical relationship (i.e., the correlation) between them with little or no effort to control extraneous variables
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Questionnaire

A
  1. Written self-report technique where participants are given a pre-set number of questions to respond to
  2. They can be administered in person, by post, online, over the telephone, or to a group of participants simultaneously
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A
  1. Overt vs covert
  2. Participant vs non-participant
  3. Enables researchers to experience particular phenomena
  4. Descriptive data provides insight into subjective experiences of subjects in naturalistic environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Unstructured Interview

A
  1. Discussion evolves with no fixed questions
  2. Uncover and understand participants experiences with phenomena
  3. Flexible
  4. Open-ended questions
  5. Informal discussion / conversation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Semi-Structured Interview

A
  1. General areas of discussion
  2. Both open-ended and close-ended
  3. In-depth depending on responses
  4. Informal discussion / conversation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Survey

A
  1. Structured Q & A
  2. Close-ended questions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Focused Group Interview

A
  1. Multiple participants
  2. Interviewer as facilitator
  3. Interaction between participants
  4. Informal discussion / conversation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Opportunity Sampling

A
  1. Participants are anyone who is available and willing to take part in the study
  2. Quick and convenient
  3. Experimenter bias
  4. May be unrepresentative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Volunteer Sampling

A
  1. Participants self-select to become part of a study because they volunteer when asked, or respond to an advert
  2. No experimenter bias
  3. Slow and inconvenient
  4. May be unrepresentative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Random Sampling

A
  1. Entire population has an equal probability of being chosen
  2. No bias
  3. Slow and inconvenient
  4. May be unrepresentative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Purposive Sampling

A
  1. Participants participate because they share characteristics of interest
  2. May be recruited via advertising, referral, direct contact, snowballing
  3. Non-representative sample
  4. Experimenter bias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Snowball Sampling

A
  1. Amount of participants / sample size gradually increases as a small group of initial participants (seeds) invite others to participate
  2. Help in situations where its difficult to find participants i.e hidden populations
17
Q

Ethics Applied in Study

A

Informed consent
Right to withdraw
Approval by ethics committee
Debriefing
Parental consent
Confidentiality
Researcher integrity

18
Q

Ethics Reporting the Results

A

Anonymity
Disclosure of conflicts of interest
Right to withdraw

19
Q

Ethics Applying the Findings

A

Why was the study conducted?
Who does the study help?
Replicability
Covert and participant observations
Cultural considerations

20
Q

Generalizing / Transferring The Findings

A

Applying to a larger population
People = population validity
Situations = mundane realism
Environments = ecological validity
Transferability: applying the sample to different populations, places, situations
Triangulation
Sampling
Researcher bias

21
Q

Credibility

A

Triangulation → researcher or methodological
Disclosure → biases, conflicts of interest, methods
Replication → consistency
Controls → validity

22
Q

Bias

A

Own views, beliefs, opinions, personal objectives
Designing, collecting, analysing, reporting, applying

23
Q

Resources

A

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OPBS0exl-lN8ggLN3f0wRj34n8gPrZPeoBfBJpUeY9A/edit

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fN8x8qWJ2XfRQC-AEdh16B-ZKEF_NEKplXVEovxqQCs/edit

Psychology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions