Nervous System pt. 1

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Brain & Spinal Cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

Autonomic & Somatic

Question 3

Autonomic

Answer 3

Self-regulated action of internal organs and glands

Question 4

Somatic

Answer 4

Voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

Question 5

Sympathetic

Answer 5

Autonomic- Arousing (Fight/Flight)

Question 6

Parasympathetic

Answer 6

Autonomic- Calming (rest/digest)

Question 7

Blood Brain Barrier

Answer 7

Barrier between brain blood vessels and brain tissues that restricts passage of materials from blood into brain

Question 8

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 8

Nutrient-rich fluid that bathes, nourishes, and protects the brain and spinal cord

Question 9

Neuroglia

Answer 9

Support Cells- DO NOT TRANSMIT INFO
Maintain neuron health, development, and repair
Ex. satellite cells, Blood brain barrier, Schwann cells

Question 10

Neurons

Answer 10

Excitable cells that receive, interpret, and transmit external and internal stimuli- 3 types- 3 Functions

Question 11

Multipolar Neuron

Answer 11

(Motor Neurons) Cell body w/ dendrite, Axon

Question 12

Sensory Neurons

Answer 12

PNS-CNS. Carry sensory info from the body to the brain

Question 13

Interneruons

Answer 13

Relay neuron between sensory and motor neurons

Question 14

Motor (Efferent Neurons)

Answer 14

CNS -PNS. Carries info from CNS to muscles and glands

Question 15

Dendrites

Answer 15

Transmit impulses TO the cell body

Question 16

Soma

Answer 16

Cell body- Contains nucleus

Question 17

Schwann Cell

Answer 17

Creates Myelin

Question 18

Axon

Answer 18

Transmits impulses AWAY from the cell body

Question 19

Myelin Sheath

Answer 19

White fatty substance that protects the axon

Question 20

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 20

Spaces in-between the Schwann cells

Question 21

Axon Terminal

Answer 21

Passes impulses to next neuron

Question 22

Action Potential

Answer 22

Electrical. Signal that travels rapidly along the axon of neurons

Question 23

Threshold Stimulus

Answer 23

Electrical. Must be met to trigger and action potential impulse to propagate/travel across cell membrane

Question 24

Neurotransmitters

Answer 24

Chemical. Signals that transfer the action potential across the synapse (neuron-neuron)

Question 25

Levels of Action Potential

Answer 25

1. Resting Potential 2. Depolarization 3. Repolarization 4. Recovery Phase

Question 26

Resting Potential

Answer 26

Cells at rest.
No Impulse
Inside- -70mV, K
Outside- Na
-70,-70,-70

Question 27

Depolarization

Answer 27

When the impulse arrives
Inside- +30mV, Na,K
Outside-
+30,-70,-70

Question 28

Repolarization

Answer 28

After the impulse leaves
Can’t receive an impulse- impulse can’t go backwards
Inside- -90 mV,Na
Outside- K
-90,+30,-70

Question 29

Recovery Phase

Answer 29

Return to cells at rest
Inside- -70mV, K
Outside- Na
-70,-90,+30

Question 30

Propagation of Action Potential

Answer 30

W/out Myelin- 10-120 m/sec
W/ Myelin- 5-25 m/sec

Question 31

Myelinated Axons

Answer 31

Restricts Action Potential to Nodes of Ranvier

Question 32

Neurotransmitters

Answer 32

1. Presynaptic neurons make and store neurotransmitters
2. Neurotransmitters released when electrical impulse arrives
3. Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on postsynaptic neuron
4. Neurotransmitters are degraded or sucked back up by reuptake pumps in the presynaptic neuron