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RADIATION THERAPY 2 > MIDTERM PT. 1 (SIMULATORS) > Flashcards

MIDTERM PT. 1 (SIMULATORS) Flashcards

1
Q

During ___, Px is positioned on the table w/ appropriate treatment accessory and the table is raised and rotated under the gantry.

A

simulation

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2
Q

The treatment are is determined based upon review of the ff: (simulation)

A
  1. any related diagnostic studies
  2. operative reports
  3. CT SCAN
  4. MRI
  5. isotope studies
  6. palpation of site
  7. tumor visualization
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3
Q

is a diagnostic X-ray machine mounted on a rotating gantry that provides geometries identical w/ those found on megavoltage machines

A

Simulator

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4
Q

can be used in either radiographic fluoroscopic mode to provide diagnostic quality images on film television monitor respectively

A

Simulator

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5
Q

measurements of absorbed dose resulting from interaction of ionizing radiation with matter

A

Radiation Dosimetry

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6
Q

The total number of particles/ photons per unit area of the interacting material

A

Fluence (w)

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7
Q

Absorbed Dose Measurement Methods are:

A
  1. Calorimetry
  2. Fricked Dosimetry
  3. Film Dosimetry
  4. Ionization Method
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8
Q

measurement of radiation based on the change in thermal energy per unit mass of the medium

A

Calorimetry

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9
Q

provide fluoroscopic image

A

KV

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10
Q

What are the fundamentals of Radiation Dosimetry:

A
  1. Radiation Dosimetry
  2. Fluence
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11
Q

For water, 1 Gy= temp rise of ___ which are measured with sensitive device called ___

A

2.4x10^ -4 Cal/g
thermistors

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12
Q

based on chemical changes caused by radiation. The chemical radiation dosimeter most commonly used is ____ in which is then oxidized by radiation to _____.

A

Fricked Dosimetry

  1. Ferrous Sulfate
  2. Ferric Sulfate
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13
Q

Ferric ion is measured by absorption dosimetry at ____

A

224nm-304nm

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14
Q

1Sv= ___ rem

A

100

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15
Q

1 Gy= ___ rad

A

100

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16
Q

IR= ___ C/kg (temp rise)

A

2.58x10 ^-4

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17
Q

1 rad= ____ Gy

A

10

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18
Q

1 J/kg= ___ 1Gy

A

1

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19
Q

higher dose received= ___ color

A

blacker

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20
Q

lower dose received= ____ color

A

white

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21
Q

measurement of radiation energy based on ion pairs produced in given mass of medium

A

ionization method

22
Q

What are the 3 devices for ionization:

A
  1. Thimble chamber
  2. Farmer Chamber
  3. Markus Chamber
23
Q

Chamber (s) used for photon beam

A

Thimble Chamber
Farmer Chamber

24
Q

used for calibration

A

ionization devices

25
Q

effect on a material exposed to radiation. E.G. 180cGy

A

Dose

26
Q

radiation dose delivered per unit time. Ex. 180cGy/min for radioactive materials 180 MU/min

A

Dose Rate

27
Q

unit used in linac to determine dose. Most are calibrated to 1 MU= 1cGy

A

Monitor unit

28
Q

a point in space where the x, y and z intersects

A

Isocenter

29
Q

where the LINAC is placed

A

bunker

30
Q

a tissue-equivalent material that has: Electron Density, Physical Density, and Atomic Number similar to that of tissue or water.

A

Bolus

31
Q

it increases the dose of the skin. Ex. Paraffin Wax, Gauze soaked in water, “Super-Slab”, Elastometric Polymer

A

Bolus

32
Q

is intended to compensate for some topographical deficit

A

compensator

33
Q

A ___ placed in the tissue deficit of the patient is the simplest way to compensate, but since it diminishes the skin sparing effect, ______ are usually employed

A

bolus
retracted tissue compensators

34
Q

used to shield organs at risk, made of lead or Lipowit’s metal (cerrobend)

A

blocks

35
Q

Lipowit’s metal (cerrobend) consists of: (elements)

A

Tin
Bismuth
Lead
Cadmium

36
Q

Lipowit’s metal (cerroband) elements: (percentage)

Tin __ %
Bismuth __ %
Lead __ %
Cadmium __ %

A

13.3%
50%
26.7%
10%

37
Q

the physical density of Lipowit’s metal at __ degrees Celsius is ____ /cm; compared with 11.3 g/cm

A

20 degrees
9.48/cm

38
Q

What are the Field Arrangement in EBRT (External Beam Radiation Therapy)

A
  1. Single Field
  2. Parallel Opposed Field
  3. Multi-Field Arrangement
  4. Moving Field Technique
39
Q

the simplest treatment and the dose distribution in tissue are represented in an isodose chart for the energy and field use

A

Single Field

40
Q

what Field arrangement in EBRT:
-electron is usually the radiation used to treat shallow tumors, where a rapid drop in dose beyond the 57 depths of the tumor

A

Single Field

41
Q

pair of fields directed along the same axis of opposite sides of the treatment volume. Relatively easy to set up and reproduce from day to day. Isodose line is within the entire treatment volume

A

Parallel Opposed Field

42
Q

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF PARALLEL OPPOSED FIELD?

A

ADVANTAGES:
-SIMPLICITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY
-HOMOGENOUS DOSE TO TUMOR
-LESS GEOMETRICAL MISS CHANCE

43
Q

WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF PARALLEL OPPOSED FIELD?

A

DISADVANTAGES:
-EXCESSIVE DOSE TO NORMAL TISSUE CRITICAL ORGANS ABOVE AND BELOW TUMORS

44
Q

-directed at target volume requires that the beam entrance and exit of each field be aimed at different angles/ segments. Reducing dose to adjacent tissues

A

Multi-Field Arrangement

45
Q

______ is the famous multi-field arrangement, often used in pelvic malignancies. Composed of opposed posterior and anterior fields, and opposed right lateral and left lateral fields.

A

box technique

46
Q

technique in which the axis of the therapy machine’s rotation, the isocenter is in the center of the target volume

A

Moving Field Technique

47
Q

is within the entire treatment volume

A

isodose line

48
Q

is in the center of the target volume

A

isocenter

49
Q

what field arrangement EBRT:
-Radiation source is moved around the Px through are, often in a complete circle. It yields a high dose in the target volume where the dose outside falls off rapidly

A

Moving Field Technique

50
Q

what technique is used for pelvis: minimizes dose surrounding the tissue

A

box technique

RADIATION THERAPY 2 (3 decks)

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