Measurements in the child (weight, head circumference, length, etc)

Question 1

Anthropo means……….
Metry means……..

Anthropometry is a single most portable, universally applicable, inexpensive TRUE/ FALSE?

It’s a non invasive technique
It reflects the current nutritional status
It is used to evaluate bothe under and over nutrition True/ False?

Answer 1

Human

Measurements

True

True

Question 2

Parameters of anthropometry:
Age dependent factors
Age independent factors

Answer 2

Age dependent factors:

• weight
• height
• head circumference
• chest circumference

Age independent factors

• mid arm circumference 1 to 5 yrs
• weight for height
• mid upper arm / height ratio

Question 3

Weight can be recorded using?

Answer 3

Weight can be recorded using :
- Beam type weighing balance
- Electronic weighing scale for infant 👶 and children 👧 👦.
- Bathroom type of mechanical scale ( very unreliable)
- salter spring machine ( in the field condition).

Question 4

Definition of growth and development

Answer 4

Definitions
* Growth is increase in size of organism due to increase size and I or increase number
o f its constituent cells.

• Development is maturation of functions & acquisition of skills.

Question 5

Stages of Growth & Development:

Intrauterine stage

Extra uterine stage

Teratogenic agents in fetal period may lead to fetal death, stillbirth, premature delivery or IUGR. True or false?

Answer 5

Intrauterine Stage
— Embryonic period:
1st trimester (1st 12 weeks of gestation)
• Devoted for organogenesis • By end ofthis phase the embryo weight is 9 gm
and 5 em length
• Teratogenic agents in this period may lead to: abortion or congenital anomalies.

— Early fetal period
2nd Trimester ( 12 to 28 weeks)
Rapid growth mainly in length
• Fetus is pre viable
• At end ofthis period:
- Length is 35 em, -Weight is 1 kg

— Late fetal period :
3rd trimester (28-40 weeks)
Rapid growth mainly in weight
• Fetus is viable

True—Teratogenic agents in fetal period may lead to fetal death, stillbirth, premature delivery or IUGR.

2- Extra uterine stage
— Neonatal
1st 4 weeks of life
— Infancy
- Eariy infancy up to one year
- Late infancy during the 2nd year.
— Childhood
Early childhood( 2 to 5 years)
Late childhood
(6- 12years).
— Adolescence
From (12-15 years)

Question 6

Factors affecting erowth

Answer 6

Factors affecting erowth
1- Factors before conception:
a. Racial
b. Familial
c. Constitutional

2- Maternal factors (during conception): including
maternal diseases,
medications &
nutritional status.

3. After birth
   a. Age ~ growth rate is more during -infancy and adofescence.
   b. Sex — (view book page 1 )
   c. Status ~ nutritional & psychological.

4.Hormonal role:
growth is controlled by hormones depending on the stage.
— Intrauterine JJ.
I. Chorionic gonadotropines 2. Placental lactogen
3. Insulin
4. Thyroxin (skeletal growth)
— Infancy & childhood
JJ.
I. Thyroxin
2. Growth hormone
— Adolescence JJ.
Sex hormones (estrogen & androgen)