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AP2 lab > endocrine system > Flashcards

endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine system acts in junction with

A

nervous system

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2
Q

endocrine system controls

A

cellular activity and metabolism

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3
Q

endocrine system requires use of

A

chemical messemgers

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4
Q

signaling molecules that are carried Bia bloodstream

A

hormone

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5
Q

hormones elicit their response by

A

binding to their receptors

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6
Q

organs that respond to hormones

A

target organs

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7
Q

do not have ducts, release products into bloodstream

A

endocrine gland

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8
Q

have ducts, release product into specific location

A

exocrine gland

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9
Q

production at a slow rate or insufficient quantities

A

hypo secretion

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10
Q

production at an excessive rate or overly large quantities

A

hyper secretion

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11
Q

hormones that stimulate the release of other hormones at target organs

A

tropic hormones

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12
Q

pituitary gland is also referred to as

A

master gland

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13
Q

pituitary gland location

A

sella turcica of sphenoid bone

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14
Q

anterior pituitary releases (6)

A

growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle simulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin
GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin

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15
Q

determines body size, controls muscle and skeletal development

A

growth hormone

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16
Q

influences growth/activity of thyroid gland

A

TSH

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17
Q

regulates adrenal cortex activity

A

ACTH

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18
Q

regulates gamete production at testes/ovaries

A

FSH

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19
Q

influences testosterone/estrogen production in males/females

A

LH

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20
Q

stimulates breast development and maintains location

A

prolactin

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21
Q

posterior pituitary does not

A

synthesize hormones

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22
Q

2 hormones stored in posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin, ADH

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23
Q

stimulates uterine contractions during birth

A

oxytocin

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24
Q

hormone that increases water re-absorption to kidneys

A

ADH

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25
Q

thyroid gland composed of

A

2 lobes, joined by isthmus

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26
Q

thyroid gland location

A

inferior to larynx

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27
Q

thyroid gland produces (2)

A

TH, calcitonin

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28
Q

controls rate of metabolism

A

TH

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29
Q

what cells does TH affect

A

almost every cell in body

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30
Q

T4

A

thyroxine

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31
Q

T3

A

tri-iodothyronine

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32
Q

decreases blood Ca+ levels by stimulating Ca+ deposit in bones

A

calcitonin

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33
Q

parathyroid location

A

embedded in posterior surface of thyroid gland

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34
Q

hormone released by parathyroid

A

PTH

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35
Q

most important regulator of Ca+ in blood

A

PTH

36
Q

causes the release of Ca+ from bone and increases Ca+ re-absorption in the kidneys when blood Ca+ levels are too low

A

PTH

37
Q

thymus gland found in

A

infants

38
Q

thymus gland hormones

A

thymosin, thymopoetin

39
Q

hormones that direct the maturation and specialization of WBC

A

thymosin, thymopoetin

40
Q

bilateral, pyramid shaped glands on top of kidneys

A

adrenal glands

41
Q

2 regions of adrenal glands

A

adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla

42
Q

adrenal cortex hormones

A

mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids

43
Q

aldosterone, regulate water and electrolyte balance

A

mineralocorticoids

44
Q

cortisone, increase blood-glucose levels

A

glucocorticoids

45
Q

androgens/estrogens, sex hormones

A

gonadocorticoids

46
Q

adrenal medulla develops from

A

neural crest tissue

47
Q

adrenal medulla controlled by

A

sympathetic NS

48
Q

adrenal medulla hormones

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine

49
Q

pancreas location

A

abdomen, partially behind stomach

50
Q

pancreas functions as both

A

exocrine, endocrine

51
Q

pancreas exocrine function

A

acinar cells produce hormones

52
Q

pancreas endocrine function

A

alpha and beta cells produce hormones

53
Q

pancreas hormones

A

insulin, glucagon

54
Q

decreases blood glucose levels, stimulate glucose transport into cells

A

insulin

55
Q

increases blood glucose levels, stimulates glycogen catabolism

A

glucagon

56
Q

gonads

A

ovaries and testes

57
Q

ovary hormones

A

estrogen, progesterone

58
Q

female development of the secondary sex characteristics

A

estrogen

59
Q

regulates menstrual cycle and maintains uterus during pregnancy

A

progesterone

60
Q

testes hormone

A

testosteron

61
Q

produces male secondary sex characteristics

A

testosterone

62
Q

pineal gland hormone

A

melatonin

63
Q

acromegaly

A

overgrown bones in face, hands, feet hyper secretion GH

64
Q

Addisons disease

A

hypo secretion of cortisone, hypotension

65
Q

cushings disease

A

hyper secretion of cortisone, hyperglycemia

66
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

hypo secretion ADH, increased urine output and decreased water retention, dehydration

67
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

hypo secretion ADH, inability of cells to use glucose

68
Q

dwarfism

A

hypo secretion of GH in children

69
Q

giantism

A

bone overgrowth before epiphyseal plate closure, hyper secretion GH

70
Q

graves disease

A

hyper secretion TH, elevated metabolic rate, nervousness, weight-loss, sweating, irregular heartbeat

71
Q

hyper secretion of PTH

A

loss of Ca+ from bones causing deformation

72
Q

hypoglycemia

A

hyper secretion of insulin, low blood sugar

73
Q

myxedema

A

hypo secretion of TH, mental and physical sluggishness

74
Q

tetany

A

hypo secretion PTH, increase neuronal excitability and prolonged muscle spasm

75
Q

signal transduction takes place inside a cell when

A

extracellular molecule binds to specialized membrane protein leading to a series of chain reactions

76
Q

cAMP binds to and activates

A

protein kinase

77
Q

EPI binds to and activates _____ receptors in plasma membrane of target cells

A

B2-adrenergic

78
Q

Epinephrine is a molecule secreted from

A

adrenal medulla

79
Q

one of the detached G-protein subunits binds to and activates

A

adenylyl cyclase

80
Q

phosphorylase hydrolyzes carbohydrate polymers called_____ into carbohydrate monomers called ____

A

glycogen, glucose

81
Q

signal transduction begins when

A

a hormone binds to specialized membrane

82
Q

the sugar monomers leave the cell and enter

A

bloodstream

83
Q

when activated, the adrenylyl catalase membrane catalyzes the production of

A

cAMP

84
Q

when EPI activates its receptor _____, which are connected to the receptor on the _____ of the membrane become activated and its 3 subunits detach

A

G proteins, inside

85
Q

when protein kinase is activated, it phosphorylates an enzyme called

A

phosphorylase

AP2 lab (8 decks)

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