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Environmental Science (MIDTERMS REVIEW) > Air Pollution > Flashcards

Air Pollution Flashcards

1
Q

Is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances that are harmful to the health of living organisms and the non-living things.

A

Air pollution

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2
Q

Are any harmful substance like certain chemicals or waste products that renders the air soil water or other natural resources.

A

Pollutants

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3
Q

Also known as smog (combination of smoke and fog), it can harm plants, animals, and human beings.

A

Ground-level ozone

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4
Q

Is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas and is toxic to animals and human beings. Also known as the “silent killer”

A

Carbon monoxide

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5
Q

Is made of tiny carbon particles created by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.

A

Soot

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6
Q

Is a gaseous air pollutant composed of nitrogen and oxygen.

A

Nitrogen Oxide

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7
Q

Is a gaseous air pollutant composed of sulfur and oxygen. It is a colorless gas with a pungent odor.

A

Sulfur Dioxide

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8
Q

It can adversely affect the nervous system, kidney function, immune system, reproductive and developmental systems, and the cardiovascular system.

A

Lead

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9
Q

Two Causes of Air Pollution

A

✓ Human Activities
✓ Natural Environment

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10
Q

CATEGORIES OF AIR POLLUTANTS

Are air pollutants DIRECTLY EMITTED from a source.

A

Primary Pollutant

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11
Q

Are air pollutants that are not directly emitted as such but forms when two primary pollutants react in the atmosphere.

A

Secondary Pollutants

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12
Q

Is a mixture of different gases in the atmosphere.

A

Air

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13
Q

Composition of Air

A

21% Oxygen, 78% Nitrogen

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14
Q

The horizontal motion of air due to the pressure difference between two places.

A

Wind

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15
Q

Is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas.

A

Aerosol

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16
Q

Fog, mist, and dust are an example of _______ aerosol.

A

Natural Aerosol

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17
Q

Smoke, Sprayed Pesticides, and Particulate air pollutants are an example of _____________ Aerosol.

A

Anthropogenic Aerosol

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18
Q

The amount of water the air can hold before it rains.

A

Relative humidity

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19
Q

Air pollution is the ______ largest threat to human health.

A

Fourth (4th)

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20
Q

7 Sources of Air Pollution

A
  1. Natural Sources
  2. Agricultural Sources
  3. Domestic Sources
  4. Commercial Sources
  5. Industrial Sources
  6. Transportation-Related Sources
  7. Man-Made Sources
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21
Q

Wildfires, volcanic activity, vegetation, animals, and dust from places without vegetation are an example of _______ Sources of Air Pollution.

A

Natural Sources

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22
Q

Are also called anthropogenic sources which include naturally occurring pollutants released from human activities.

A

Man-Made Sources

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23
Q

Are also called household sources of pollution, which include fuel for cooking, heating and lighting of incense, use of pesticides and chemicals for cleaning, etc.

A

Domestic Sources

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24
Q

Commercial and residential contribute ________ % of 2020 greenhouse gas emission.

A

13%

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25
Q

Agriculture contributes ______ % of 2020 greenhouse gas emissions.

A

11%

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26
Q

Industries contribute ______ % of 2020 greenhouse gas emission.

A

24%

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27
Q

Transportation contributes _______ % of 2020 greenhouse gas emissions.

A

27%

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28
Q

Health Effects of Air Pollution.

A

• Respiratory Problems
• CardioVascular Problems
• Cancer
• Reproductive Problems
• Neurological Problems
• Allergies and Skin Problems

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29
Q

What does PAHS mean?

A

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

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30
Q

Effects on Animals and Plants of Air Pollution

A

• Climate Change
• Harm to Wildlife
• Effects on Weather Patterns
• Damage to crops and forest
• Habitat Destruction
• Biodiversity Loss

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31
Q

Two Types of Air Pollutans

A
  1. Particulate Pollutants
  2. Gaseous Pollutants
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32
Q

Is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air.

A

Particulate Pollutants

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33
Q

Are particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers in diameter.

A

PM10

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34
Q

Are particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter.

A

PM2.5

35
Q

What is TLVS?

A

Threshold Limit Values

36
Q

Is a gas composed of three atoms of oxygen.

A

Ozone

37
Q

Is a naturally-occuring chemical element found in rock in the earth’s crust, including in deposits of coal.

A

Mercury

38
Q

Colorless, odorless gas that occurs abundantly in nature and as a product of certain human activities.

A

Methane

39
Q

A wear mechanism that is caused by the inclusion of hard particles between two sliding or rolling surfaces.

A

Abrasion

40
Q

Laying down of sediment or particulate matter on the surfaces of materials.

A

Deposition and removal

41
Q

Is the process of substances reacting directly with another material that results in chemical degradation or change.

A

Direct chemical attack

42
Q

Is the process of substances reacting directly with another material that results in chemical degradation or change.

A

Direct Chemical Attack

43
Q

Is the process of substances reacting indirectly with another substance, which in turn, results in a new substance that could then directly damage said materials.

A

Indirect Chemical Attack

44
Q

A chemical or electrochemical reaction which results in the degradation of materials that is almost unique to metals.

A

Corrosion

45
Q

Effects of Air Pollution on Materials

A

Abrasion
Deposition and Removal
Direct Chemical Attack
Indirect Chemical Attack
Corrosion

46
Q

The techniques employed to reduce or eliminate the emission into the atmosphere of substances that can harm the environment or human health.

A

Air pollution control

47
Q

Two controlling measures for air pollution

A

Preventive measures
Control measures

48
Q

Mainly aimed at correction right at the source so there will be lesser amount of pollutant emitted.

A

Preventive measures

49
Q

The most common method of eliminating and reducing pollutants to an acceptable level.

A

Control Measures

50
Q

Five Natural Cleansing of the Atmosphere

A

Gravitational Settling
Absorption
Rainout
Adsorption
Dispersion

51
Q

It reduces the concentration of air pollutants at one place although it does not remove them from the environment as a whole.

A

Dispersion

52
Q

This process helps in removing flocculated particles formed by unit team of smaller particles over larger particles, till a flock particle, large and heavy enough to settle out under gravity is formed.

A

Gravitational Settling

53
Q

This phenomenon takes place below the cloud level, when falling rain drops absorb pollutants, and is also known as washouts or scavenging.

A

Absorption

54
Q

This process involves precipitation above the cloud level where submicron particles present in the atmosphere in the cloud serve as condensation nuclei around which drops of water may form and fallout as raindrop.

A

Rainout

55
Q

The phenomenon in which the gaseous, liquid, or solid pollutants present in the ambient air are kept attached, generally electrostatically by a surface where they are concentrated and retained.

A

Adsorption

56
Q

It refers to all the activities a regulatory authority undertakes to help protect human health and the environment from the harmful effects of air pollution.

A

Air Quality Management Process

57
Q

Are tiny particles and droplets in the air that are made up of hundreds of different.

A

Particulate emissions.

58
Q

Is a specially designed closed chamber in which the velocity of the inlet gas is transformed into spinning vortex and the particles from the gas are thrown out under the centrifugal force.

A

Cyclone separator

59
Q

Is utilized to separate the particulate matter from the gas.

A

Centrifugal force

60
Q

It works on the principle of electrical charging of the particulate matter and collecting it on a differently charged collecting surface.

A

Electrostatic Precipitators

61
Q

It outs the particulate matter from the gas stream and allow clear gas to flow.

A

Fabric filters

62
Q

Particulate matter are incorporated into liquid droplets and thus are removed from the gas steam.

A

Scrubbers

63
Q

What are the commonly used adsorbents?

A

Activated carbon
Activated alumina
Silica gel

64
Q

It is used to control gaseous pollutants in petrochemical, fertilizers, paint, and varnish industry.

A

Combustion

65
Q

Transporting the pollutants over larger distances, and thus, reducing the pollution near the emission source.
- Method that is largely adopted in developing countries.

A

Air Quality Control by Dilution

66
Q

Clean Air Act of the Philippines

A

Republic Act 8749

67
Q

DENR

A

Department of Environment and Natural Resources

68
Q

DoTr

A

Department of Transportation

69
Q

DTI

A

Department of Trade and Industry

70
Q

DoE

A

Department of Energy

71
Q

DOST

A

Department of Science and Technology

72
Q

PSA

A

Philippine Statistics Authority

73
Q

LGU

A

Local Government Units

74
Q

Fines and Penalties for Violations of Other Provisions in the Act

A

Not less than 10,000 but not more than 100,000 or 6 years imprisonment

75
Q

Penalty for Burning of Municipal Waste

A

2 years & 1 day to 4 years imprisonment

76
Q

Penalty for Burning Hazardous Substances and Wastes

A

4 years & 1 day to 6 years imprisonment

77
Q

Penalties for Burning Bio-Medical Waste

A

4 years & 1 day to 6 years imprisonment

78
Q

Penalty for Smoking in Public Places

A

6 months & 1 day to 1 year imprisonment or 10,000 pesos

79
Q

Penalty for Manufacture, Importation, Sale, Offer for Sale, Introduction into Commerce, Conveyance or other Disposition of Leader Gasoline

A

3 years & 1 day to 5 years imprisonment

80
Q

Penalty for Manufacture, Processing, Trade of Fuel or Fuel Additive without Prior Registration of the Fuel or Fuel Additive with the DOE

A

2 years & 1 day to 4 years imprisonment

81
Q

Penalty for Misfuelling

A

1 year & 1 day to 3 years imprisonment or 20,000 pesos

82
Q

Climate Change Act of 2009

A

Republic Act 9729

83
Q

Is a comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for Filipinos

A

Clean Air Act

Environmental Science (MIDTERMS REVIEW) (7 decks)

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