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psych AS level > Canli (10) gyno > Flashcards

Canli (10) gyno Flashcards

1
Q

describe procedure when ppt returned 3 weeks aft fMRI scans had occured

A
  • ppt given unexpected recognition test
  • viewed all previous 96 seen scences
  • viewed 48 new foils
  • foils chosen to match previous scences on valence
  • asked if seen pic before
    if said yes they had to say REMEBER if certain or KNOW if familiar
  • ppt responded “Forgotten” if cannot receall seen before/unsure
  • foils balanced for valence + arousal charcteristics
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2
Q

2 features of sample

A
  • 10 ppt
  • all females
  • all right handed
  • volunteers
  • ALL healthy
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3
Q

1 methodological problem arising if children used as ppt in study

A
  • fMRI/MRI scanners used in study to measure brain ss/activity
  • ppt must be still which may be hard for children -
  • children may be scared to enter machine or be distressed of pics
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4
Q

describe presentation of images in scanner

A
  • 96 images/ 48 foils
  • presented for 2-3s
  • presented through mirror
  • 12-13s gap between each image
  • imagery randomized each time scence showed
  • scneces rated on arousal levels (high/low)
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5
Q

1 control used in scanner

A
  • scans occurred as ppt looked at pics
  • had to focus on fixation cross
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6
Q

1 brain scanning technique used in study

A
  • MRI/ magnetic resonance imaging
  • fMRI- functional magnetic resonance imaging
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7
Q

identify purpose of using MRI/fMRI

A

MRI= purpose to look at ss of brain
fMRI= purpose to look at function of brain

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8
Q

outline what ppt had to do immediately aft seeing fixation cross on screen

A
  • indicate their emotional arousal
  • by pressing button w/ RIGHT HAND
  • had to choose from 1/4 buttons// 4 OPTIONS
  • from 0 (not emotionally intense at all) to 3 (extremely emotionally intense)
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9
Q

Sampling technique + strength

A

Volunteer/self selected
- Volunteers tend to be more motivated SO less likely to drop out of study SO ppt more likely to agree to brain scanning
- informed consent given so no ethical issues around informed consent

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10
Q

outline why females used as ppt

A
  • females more likely to report intense emotional experiences than males SO more likely to be affected by imagery + express true emotion
  • females more likely to show more physiological reactivity in relation to VALENCE ratings
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11
Q

describe 2 assumptions of biological approach

A
  • Behaviour, cognitions and emotions can be explained via brain + hormones
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12
Q

explain 1 finding of canli supporting biological approach

A
  • Left amygdala activation related to science being “remembered”
  • Left amygdala activation correlated to emotional intensity of memory SO emotional intensity felt abt scene = strength of recall via amygdala activation
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13
Q

describe procedure during brain scanning phase of study

A
  • ppt entered fMRI scanner
  • ppt viewed 96 scenes on screen
  • viewed through mirror directed at screen
  • HEAD movement minimized by using bite-bar
  • order of scenes randomized
  • each pic shown for 2-3s
  • gap of 12-13s in between pics shown
  • when fixation cross on screen + told to look at pic for duration on screen AND RATE EMOTIONAL AROUSAL
  • done by pressing button + ratings 0 (not emotionally intense at all) to 3 (extremly emotionally intense)
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14
Q

describe 1 result abt emotional intensity of scences + abt percentages of ppt who remebered scences acrosss intensities

A

EMOTIONAL INTENSITY
- POS ++ correlation between emotional intensity AND arousal as r value was + 0.68

REMBERED SCENES
- scences rated as 3/ higher emotional intensity MORE remebered than those rated w/ 0-2/low emotional intensity ratings

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15
Q

How does Canli support Nature side of nurture vs nature debate?

A
  • study was bat brain function which is biological mechanicsm AND amygdala is part of brain so biological/innate

E.g blood oxygen levels measured which is biological in nature

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16
Q

why is canli from biological approach

A
  • study investigating role of amygdala in memories + biological approach interested in role of brain in our behaviour
17
Q

weakness of using brain scans in study

A
  • ppl may feel stressed whilst having scan so affected how they rated emotional intensity of pics = REDUCING VALIDITY
18
Q

conclusion

A
  • activity in LEFT amygdala during encoding could predict subsequent memories
19
Q

describe psych being investigated

A
  • fMRI non invasive technique measuring brain activity + allows researcher to look at blood flow in brain during processing of info
  • amygdala investigated abt link w/ memory + has temporal lobe/part of limbic system
20
Q

name 2 characteristics used to match foil scenes + previously viewed scenes

A
  • Valence (ratings/negativity)
  • Arousal (ratings/emotional arousal/emotional intensity)
21
Q

how does canli differ to brain studies on male brain repsoding to positive imagery

A
  • ppt in canli ALL female + NOT MALE
  • didnt investigate positive imagery as images ranged from negative to neutral
22
Q

1 real-world application

A
  • Psychologists may want to use the same procedure with people who have memory difficulties
  • If a patient doesn’t recall emotionally intense imagery = damaged amygdala
23
Q

Explain why brain scans are used in the biological approach to
psychology.

A
  • fMRI scans tell us about brain activity
  • how it is linked to perceptions or actions
    -focus on scan on amygdala in Canli w ppt who actively engaged in rated emotionality to visual scenes = scan activity= memory
24
Q

Ethics YEs or no

A

YES:
- Confedentiality followed as we only know ppt right handed females os contaiend no identifiable features of ppt’’

NO:
- protection from psycholgical harm, ppt had to look at negative imagery/scences that could ve distressing = did not leave in same psycholgical state

25
Q

2 assumptions of bio approach

A
  • B+C+E can be explained via the brain and
    hormones = left amydala AA pos cor w/ emotional intensity of scence = strength of recall via amydala activation
  • Behaviour can be explained via the brain, for example the hippocampus is involved in memory
26
Q

Validity

A
  • lacks mundane realism = rate pics whilst brain scanning NOT daily task
  • low generalisbility = gynocentric/ 10 ppt all female + all right handed
  • low eco validiity= lab exp + highly controlled

psych AS level (12 decks)

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