Class 8 - Flexibility

Question 1

What is flexibility?

Answer 1

Amount of ROM about a joint or multiple joints at any age.

Question 2

Where is the greatest decline in ROM with age?

Answer 2

Spinal extension

Question 3

Between age 20-70 how much does spinal extension decrease?

Answer 3

50%

Question 4

Between age 20-70 how much does hip extension decrease

Answer 4

20%

Question 5

Between age 20-70 how much does knee flexion decrease?

Answer 5

2%

Question 6

T/F: on average, ROM decreases greater in the upper extremity with age.

Answer 6

False, lower extremity.

Question 7

What is joint stiffness?

Answer 7

The sensation of difficulty moving a joint or the apparent loss of ROM.

Question 8

What is the joint pain dysfunction cycle?

Answer 8

Joint pain -> decreased joint movement -> disuse atrophy -> joint stiffness->joint pain

Question 9

What are the steps for breaking the joint pain cycle?

Answer 9

1. Joint pain
2. Maintain joint movement (pm exercise is better)
3. No/limited disuse atrophy
4. Maintain function

Question 10

What are the two main factors that contribute to stiffness in OA?

Answer 10

1. Decreased muscle mass due to decrease in number of fibers
2. Increased connective tissue surrounding and within muscle

Question 11

What are the 4 connective tissues involved in mobility?

Answer 11

1. Ligaments
2. Tendons
3. Fascia
4. Joint capsule

Question 12

What chemical changes occur with age? (3)

Answer 12

1. Loss of water content
2. CT less extensible
3. CT more resistant to being deformed

Question 13

What percent of OA have osteoarthritic changes?

Answer 13

85%

Question 14

T/F: pain doesn’t come directly from the breakdown of articular cartilage, but rather the pain receptors in the connective tissue and bones.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The increase in the number of limitations leads to loss of what?

Answer 15

Loss of independence

Question 16

What is the DEATH mnemonic for BADLs?

Answer 16

Dressing/bathing
Eating
Ambulating
Toileting
Hygiene

Question 17

What is the SHAFT mnemonic for IADLs

Answer 17

Shopping
Housework
Accounting
Food preparation/meds
Telephone/transportation

Question 18

What is the difference between BADLs and IADLs?

Answer 18

IADLs are not necessary for fundamental functioning, but they let an individual live independently in a community

Question 19

When OA improve flexibility, rhey typically improve on what?

Answer 19

Muscular strength

Question 20

What is the limited ROM for a knee replacement?

Answer 20

Rarely flex past 110°

Question 21

What are the limited ROM for a hip replacement?

Answer 21

1. No flexion past 90°
2. No internal rotation
3. No hip addiction past the midline

Question 22

Which movements are required to put a shirt on overhead?

Answer 22

Shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation

Question 23

Which movements are required to fasten clothes in the back?

Answer 23

Abduction, internal rotation, extension

Question 24

Which movements are required to walk, acend stairs, and get up and down out of the tub?

Answer 24

Hip extension & flexion, knee flexion, dorsiflexion

Question 25

In flexibility it is important to stress what?

Answer 25

the end range of joint motion

Question 26

How long to hold static stretches?

Answer 26

10-90s

Question 27

How long to hold dynamic stretches?

Answer 27

2-5s

Question 28

T/F: YA benefit more from contract relax PNF and OA respond more to static stretching.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Which line have more decreases in ROM?

Answer 29

Lower limbs

Question 30

What are the three steps to stretching in regards to breathing?

Answer 30

1. Inhale before stretch
2. Exhale into the stretch
3. Breathe evenly while holding