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GCSE AQA COMBINED SCIENCE PHYS P1 > P1 ENERGY > Flashcards

P1 ENERGY Flashcards

1
Q

equation for kinetic energy?

A

1/2 x mass x (velocity)²

energy = j
mass = kg
velocity = m/s

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2
Q

equation for elastic potential energy?

A

1/2 x spring constant x (extension)²

energy = j
spring constant = n/m
extension = m

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3
Q

equation for gravity potential energy?

A

mgh

mass=kg
energy = j
gravitational field strength = n/kg
height = m

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4
Q

define specific heat capacity?

A

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree celsius.

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5
Q

unit for specific heat capacity?

A

joules/degree celsius/kilogram

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6
Q

power meaning?

A

the rate at which energy is transferred

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7
Q

two equations of power?

A

power = energy transferred/time
power = work/done

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8
Q

power unit?

A

watt (w)

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9
Q

two motors lift the same mass through the same height. motor a does this is half time of motor b. which dissipates the most power?

A

motor a
the energy transferred is the same but time taken is less

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10
Q

describe the energy changes involved when a ball is thrown upwards and then returns to its starting position. ignore air resistance

A

upwards: ke is converted to gpe
peak : maximum gpe, zero ke
downwards : gpe is converted to ke

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11
Q

describe the energy transfer for a bungee jumper?

A

when falling the gpe is converted to ke of the jumper.
as the cord tightens, ke is converted and stored as elastic potential energy.
at lowest point , the jumper’s initial gpe equals the epe stored in the cloud.

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12
Q

explain why a bungee jumper slows down once the cord begins to stretch.

A

ke decreases since its converted to elastic potential energy.
since ke is proportional to velocity² , as ke decreases so does velocity

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13
Q

examples of chemical energy store?

A

food, fuel , batteries

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14
Q

4 different stores of energy?

A

kinetic energy
gravitational potential energy
elastic potential energy
chemical energy

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15
Q

kinetic energy?

A

energy stored in moving object.

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16
Q

elastic potential energy?

A

A force acting on an object may cause the shape of an object to change.

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17
Q

gravitational potential energy?

A

energy stored in an object due to its position above the earths surface.

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18
Q

equation for specific heat capacity?

A

change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temp change

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19
Q

law of conservation of energy?

A

energy can be transferred usefully , stored or dissipated but it cannot be created or destroyed

20
Q

what is a system?

A

an object or a group of objects

21
Q

what is closed system?

A

no energy can enter or leave

22
Q

state any changes in the total energy of a ball that is kicked assuming that no external forces act

A

total energy of the system remains constant due to the conservation of energy.

23
Q

what is waste energy?

A

energy that is not usefully transferred or transformed.

24
Q

describe the energy changes that occur in a filament light-bulb

A

electrical energy is transferred into light and heat energy.
light is a useful energy form , heat is waste energy

25
Q

equations for efficiency?

A

useful output energy transfer / total input energy transfer.

useful power output /total power ouput

26
Q

how can the efficiency of a system be increased?

A

reducing the waste output.

recycling waste output

27
Q

state the consequence for energy transfer of a material with high thermal conductivity

A

energy transfer through the material is higher than for a material with lower thermal conductivity

28
Q

do double glazed windows have higher or lower thermal conductivity than single glazed window

A

low = less energy transfer through them

29
Q

key factors that affect the rate of cooling of a buliding?

A

thickness of walls
thermal conductivity of the walls

30
Q

3 methods reducing heat loss in a building?

A

double glazing
loft and wall insulation
thicker walls

31
Q

thermal conductivity?

A

the higher the thermal conductivity of a material the higher the rate of energy transfer by conduction across the material.

32
Q

renewable energy?

A

one that is being replenished as it used

33
Q

examples of renewable energy?

A

wind power
solar power
hydroelectric power
tidal power

34
Q

an example of non renewable energy?

A

fossil fuels

35
Q

advantages of generating power using gas rather than coal?

A

burning gas generates less carbon dioxide than burning coal.

gas fired power stations are flexible. they can be switched on quickly during periods of high demand , coal fired power stations have a very long start up time

36
Q

2 disadvantages of using renewable energy resources to generate power?

A

wind and solar power are not reliable. some days are simple not windy and solar power does not work well on cloudy days.

generating power through other means is often more efficient and economically beneficial.

37
Q

the environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels?

A

carbon dioxide - contributed to the greenhouse effect and causes global warming.

sulhur dioxide - leads to acid rain which damage buildings and crops.

38
Q

advantages of fossil fuels?

A

reliable
abundant and cheap
release a great deal of energy

39
Q

what is nucleur power

A

non renewable energy which runs on the elements uranium and plutonium

40
Q

advantages of nucleur power?

A

once a nucleur power plant is running it releases no carbon dioxide

extremely reliable generates lots of electricity exactly when we want

41
Q

disadvantages of nucleur power?

A

contains highly dangerous radioactive materials , if there is an accident then these materials could release into the environment.

decommissioning a nuclear power plant takes many years and is extremely expensive.

generates large amounts of highly dangerous radioactive waste , this must be stored for thousands of years before its safe

42
Q

how does hydroelectricty power produce energy?

A

rainwater collects behind the dam.
when this water is released it is used in a turbine.
this turbine turns a generator which produces electricity.

43
Q

disadvantages of biofuel?

A

plants are burned or decay they release carbon dioxide.
growing biofuel reduces the land for growing crops.
if we use land to grow crops for fuel that coukd push up the price of food.

44
Q

advantages of tidal energy source?

A

extremely reliable.
does not produce carbon dioxide
cheaps to run as tides are natural and so are free

45
Q

disadvantages of hydroelectricity power?

A

Habitats are destroyed when dams are built and valleys are flooded.
can cost a lot to install the required infrastructure

46
Q

advantages of solar panels?

A

never run out
no carbon dioxide in the air

47
Q

an example of a social factor which may act as a deterrent for certain types of energy production?

A

visual pollution
sound pollution
(disadvantages of wind farms)

GCSE AQA COMBINED SCIENCE PHYS P1 (4 decks)

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