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ATPL - [Mod 2] AGK - Engines > 05. Piston Engine: Starting and Ignition > Flashcards

05. Piston Engine: Starting and Ignition Flashcards

1
Q

Thinking of petrol and diesel engines, what are the 2 methods of igniting mixture

A
  1. Spark plugs
  2. Spontaneous combustion

Spark plugs create a spark to ignite the mixture
Spontaneous combustion is caused by compressing the mixture to increase the temperature

Pg 125

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2
Q

What is an electric starter motor powered by during a start sequence

A

BATTERY

Pg 126

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3
Q

Once an engine is started, what is the name of the component that disengages the drive from the motor

A

OVERRUN CLUCTH

Pg 126

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4
Q

What is the purpose of an overrun clutch

A

DISENGAGE DRIVE from MOTOR

As soon as the engine starts during a start sequence, the ovverun clutch disengages the drive from the motor

Pg 126

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5
Q

What must a pilot do if the starter-warning light remains illuminated 30 seconds after start

A

SHUTDOWN ENGINE

Pg 126

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6
Q

What does an illuminated starter warning light mean

A

DRIVE GEAR ENGAGED

Pg 126

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7
Q

What is the job of an alternator belt

A

SUPPLY POWER

To aircraft electrical system

Pg 127

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a magneto

A

POWER SPARK PLUGS

Generate high tension electricity

Pg 127

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9
Q

Critical components of an ignition system are ____
This ensures a single point of failure does not result in total loss of ____

A
  1. DUPLICATED
  2. ENGINE POWER

Pg 127

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10
Q

How many magnetos does a normal aero engine have

A

2

Pg 127

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11
Q
  1. The right magneto supplies power to which banks of sparkplugs
  2. The left magento suppliers power to which banks of sparkplugs
A
  1. RIGHT = UPPER RIGHT, lower left
  2. LEFT = UPPER LEFT, lower right

Pg 127

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12
Q

A magneto provides HIGH or LOW voltage to spark plugs

A

HIGH

Pg 129

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13
Q

A magneto is what type of generator

A

AC GENERATOR

Pg 129

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14
Q

The secondary winding of many turns of wire around a primary winding in a magneto allows a high voltage to be induced in the secondary winding. This effectively makes a magneto a what

A

TRANSFORMER

Multiplying the number of wire turns in the secondary winding steps up the power voltage being produced, thus transforming the output to a higher voltage

Pg 129

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15
Q

A magneto has MORE or LESS turns of wire in the primary winding than the secondary winding

A

LESS

primary (less) < SECONDARY (MORE)

Primary coil has less turns than secondary coil.
The primary coil induces a higher voltage in the secondary coil
This effectively makes the magneto a transformer

Pg 129

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16
Q

Magneto

The generator section comprises of how many poles

A

4

4-pole rotating permanent magnet

Pg 129

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17
Q

Magneto

The stator is made up of which material

A

SOFT IRON

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18
Q

Magneto

The permanent magnets are driven by what

A

ENGINE

Pg 129

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19
Q

Magneto

How is the circuit in the primary winding continuously broken and remade

A

CONTACT BREAKER

Pg 130

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20
Q

Magneto

What is the purpose of a contact breaker when used in the primary winding

A

CONTINUOUSLY BREAK and REMAKE CIRCUIT

Pg 130

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21
Q

Magneto

What are the 2 effects of breaking and remaking the circuit in the primary winding through the use of a contact breaker

A
  1. PULSES - Converts continuous flow of AC
  2. COLLAPSE MAGNETIC FIELD

Collapsing the magnetic field around the primary winding produces a surge of energy in the secondary winding

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22
Q

Magneto

What is the result of the contact breaker opening and collapsing the magnetic field in the primary winding with regards to the spark plugs

A

VERY HIGH VOLTAGE
low current pulses

Collapsing of the magnetic field produces a surge of energy in the secondary winding
Overall result is a very high voltage, low current pulse provided to the spark plugs

Pg 130

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23
Q

Magneto

What is a risk to the contact breaker when then magent field is collapsed in the primary winding

A

ARCHING

Pg 131

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24
Q

Magneto

What is fitted in parallel to the contact breaker to prevent arching

A

CAPACITOR
(or condeser)

Pg 131

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25
Q

Magneto

What is the purpose of a capacitor being fitted in parallel to the contact breaker

A

PREVENT ARCHING

Also helps ensure highest possible voltage induced in secondary winding

Pg 131

26
Q

Magneto

What component delivers electrical pulses to each spark plug in sequence

A

DISTRIBUTOR

Pg 131

27
Q

Magneto

What is the function of a distributor

A

DELIVER ELECTRICAL PULSES to SPARK PLUGS

Ensures the pulses are delivered in the correct sequence

Pg 131

28
Q

Magneto

What is the function of the rotor

A

PASS CURRENT to each SPARK PLUG

Rotor comes into contact with electrode associated to each spark plug

As the rotor turns wthin the distributor, it touches an electrode.
Each electrode is married up to each spark plug.
As the roto touches each electrode, the current passes to each spark plug

Pg 131

29
Q

Magneto

When does the spark occur in a spark plug

A

WHEN CONTACT BREAKER IS OPEN

Pg 132

30
Q

Magneto

The contact breaker and distributor rotor are driven by what

A

ENGINE via a SPINDLE

Pg 132

31
Q

Magneto

The engine drives a spindle which drives which 2 components

A
  1. CONTACT BREAKER
  2. DISTRIBUTOR ROTOR

Pg 132

32
Q

Magneto

The speed of the rotor and the contact breaker vary directly with what

A

ENGINE RPM

Pg 132

33
Q

Magneto

Each magneto is controlled by its own what

A

IGNITION SWITCH

Pg 132

34
Q

Magneto

How does the ignition switch work with regards to each magneto

A

ISOLATES IGNITION CIRCUIT

Each magnetos primary circuit is connected to earth

Pg 132

35
Q

Magneto

What is the name given to the ignition switch lead

A

ā€œPā€ LEAD

Pg 132

36
Q

Magneto

If the ignition switch is closed, the circuit is LIVE or EARTHED

A

EARTHED

Pg 132

37
Q

Magneto

If the ignition switch is open, the circuit is LIVE or EARTHED

A

LIVE

Pg 132

38
Q

Magneto

What is the purpose of the ignition switch working in reverse to the normal standard of a switch i.e. open is live, closed is earthed

A

PROVIDE FAIL-SAFE PROTECTION

A break in the switches wiring would not cause the ignition system to fail. This would be important when in the air

Pg 132

39
Q

Magneto

Besides from providing a fail-safe element, what is an advantage of having 2 spark plugs per cylinder in terms of efficiency

A

ACCELERATOR COMBUSTION

Even burng spreads from both spark plugs simultaneously

Pg 132

40
Q

Magneto

What are the 2 elements of a pre-flight magneto check

A
  1. MAG DROP CHECK
  2. DEAD CUT CHECK

Pg 133

41
Q

Magneto

A mag drop check is conducted twice. The 1st test is conducted at around ____ RPM.
RPM should DROP or INCREASE and the engine should run SMOOTHLY or ROUGHLY

A
  1. 1200 RPM
  2. DROP
  3. SMOOTHLY

Pg 133

42
Q

Magneto

A mag drop check is conducted twice. The 2nd test is conducted at around ____ RPM.
RPM should DROP or INCREASE within specific limits and the engine should run SMOOTHLY or ROUGHLY

A
  1. 2000 RPM
  2. DROP
  3. SMOOTHLY

Pg 133

43
Q

Magneto

A successful check of the 1st mag drop check at 1200 RPM would prove what

A

ENGINE RUNNING on ONE MAGNETO

At a low RPM

At a low RPM, one magneto will still successfully be able to run the engine

Pg 133

44
Q

Magneto

A successful check of the 2nd mag drop check at 2000 RPM would prove what

A

ENGINE POWER not SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTED

If one magneto were to fail, engine power would not be significantly effected

Pg 133

45
Q

Magneto

During the 2nd mag drop check at 2000 RPM, a complete dead cut would indicate what

A

IGNITION CIRCUIT FAILURE

Failure of one half of the ignition circuit

Pg 133

46
Q

Magneto

During the 2nd mag drop check at 2000 RPM, no drop in RPM would indicate what

A

IGNITION SYSTEM NOT EARTHED

One half of ignition system not earthed

Pg 133

47
Q

Magneto

During the 2nd mag drop check at 2000 RPM, a drop of 300-400 RPM and rough running engine would indicate what

A

MALFUNCTIONING SPARK PLUG

Pg 133

48
Q

Magneto

What must be carried out by a pilot before shutting down the engine

A

DEAD CUT CHECK

Pg 133

49
Q

Magneto

What are magnetos pressurised for high altitude operation

A

REDUCE RISK OF INTERNAL ARCHING

Pg 133

50
Q

Magneto

What is done to the magnetos for high altitude operation to help reduce the risk of internal arching

A

PRESSURISED

Pg 133

51
Q

Magneto

During start up, when the engine is turning slowly, what are 3 methods of assisting the system to ensure sufficient sparks are created to fire the engine

A
  1. Impulse Magneto
  2. High Tension Booster Coil
  3. Low Tension Booster Coil

Pg 134/135

52
Q

Magneto

How does an impulse magneto function

What component

A

SPRING LOADED CLUTCH

Pg 134

53
Q

Magneto

How does the high tension booster coil function

A

INDUCE LARGE CURRENT in 2nd WINDING

Pg 135

54
Q

Magneto

What does a trembler interrupter do in a high tension booster coil system

A

INTERRUPTS PRIMARY WINDING CIRCUIT

A trembler interrupter in the coil interrupts the primary winding circuit to produce a continous stream of high voltage impulses in the secondary (HT) circuit

Pg 135

55
Q

Magneto

The component used to interrupt the primary winding circuit in a high tension booster coil system is known as what

A

TREMBLER INTERRUPTER

Pg 135

56
Q

Magneto

A high tension booster coil system is know by what other name

A

SHOWER OF SPARKS

Pg 135

57
Q

Magneto

What component is connected to the primary winding in a low tension booster coil system

A

BATTERY

Pg 135

58
Q

Magneto

What is the purpose of a second set of contact breakers in a low tension booster coil system

A

SUFFICIENTLY RETARDED SPARK

Pg 135

59
Q

Magneto

How is a suficciently retarded spark ensured in a low tension booster coil system

A

CONTACT BREAKERS

2nd set of contact breakers

Pg 135

60
Q

How many volts are supplied to each spark plug

A

30,000 V

Pg 136

61
Q

What are the potential risks with a spark plug if the gaps between the electrodes are not correct
1. To small
2. To large

A
  1. Weak Spark
  2. No Spark

Pg 136

62
Q

Spark plug fouling can occur when which 3 deposits block the gap in electrodes

A
  1. Oil
  2. Carbon
  3. Lead

Pg 136

ATPL - [Mod 2] AGK - Engines (23 decks)

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