1.3.1 Bonding Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is metallic bonding between?
Metals
What is covelant bonding between?
Two non-metals
What is ionic bonding between?
A metal and a non-metal
What forces hold ionic bonds together?
Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charges ions
What structure does ionic bonding form?
Forms a 3D structure of a lattice
What is ionic formulae?
It is the empirical formula of a compound. E.g. Al(3+) + O(2-) = Al2 O3
What is the formation of atoms in metallic bonding in a solid state?
The atoms will be closely packed together.
What will happen to the electrons in the highest occupied energy level?
Electrons in the highest occupied energy level become delocalised.
What forces hold metallic bonding together?
There are strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the cations and the electrons
What does malleable mean?
Malleable - can be hammered into shape
What does ductile mean?
Ductile - can be stretched out to make a wire
What is the most malleable and ductile element?
Gold is the most malleable and ductile element
Why are metals malleable and ductile?
Metals are malleable and ductile because layers of metal cations can slide over each other without any bonds breaking.
What can be added to stop metal layers sliding over each other so easily?
Alloys can be added to stop layers sliding
What is the structure of metals such as magnesium and zinc?
Hexagonal close-packed structure
What is a covelant bond?
A covelant bond is a shared pair of electrons
Why are covelant bonds strong?
A lot of energy is needed to overcome covelant bonds, making them strong
What does isoelectronic mean?
Same electronic configuration
What is a macromolecular structure?
It is a giant covelant structure
What are two allotropes of carbon?
Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon (same state, different structure)
What is a co-ordinate bond?
One of the two atoms contribute both of the bonding pair of electron in a covelant bond.
What must there be for a co-ordinate bond?
- A lone pair on one atom
- A vacant orbital on the other
What is an example of a co-ordinate bond?
Ammonia (NH3) and Boron trifluride (BF3)
What is a polyatomic ion?
Charged particle consisting of two or more atoms joined together by covelant bonds
