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OSSF 2 > Exam 3- Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Exam 3- Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

how are neurohormones transported from the hypothalamus to the anterior lobe of the pituitary?

A

hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

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2
Q

what peptide hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

A

oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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3
Q

what does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulate?

A

extracellular fluid volume and osmolarity

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4
Q

does antidiuretic hormone increase or decrease renal reabsorption of water?

A

increases it

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5
Q

what are oxytocin’s main effects on?

A

contraction of uterine smooth muscle
mammary gland myoepithelial cells

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6
Q

what do tropic hormones do?

A

regulate release of other hormones and development and growth of target glands

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7
Q

what type of hormones does the anterior pituitary release?

A

all tropic hormones except prolactin

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8
Q

what is episodic hormone secretion?

A

pattern of secretion with regular intervals, leading to oscillations in blood levels

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9
Q

what are two hormones that follow episodic hormone secretion?

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)

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10
Q

what innervates melanotrope cells in the intermediate pituitary lobe?

A

hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons

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11
Q

what regulates the secretions of the anterior pituitary endocrine cells?

A

hypothalamic hormones delivered to anterior pituitary directly and in high concentrations

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12
Q

where is oxytocin released (what areas of brain)?

A

nerve endings in parts of brain associated with bonding and trust

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13
Q

in thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone, what are their subunits and which one conveys specificity?

A

alpha and beta
beta conveys specificity: alpha is same for all three hormones

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14
Q

what peptide hormones does the posterior pituitary release?

A

oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone

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15
Q

how does antidiuretic hormone regulate extracellular fluid volume and osmolarity?

A

increases number of aquaporins in distal tubule and collecting ducts

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16
Q

how does dopamine affect milk?

A

facilitates milk let-down by causing contraction of myoepithelial cells

17
Q

are all of the peptide hormones released from the anterior pituitary tropic?

A

no, not prolactin

18
Q

what does cortisol and corticosterone stimulate?

A

production steroid hormones from adrenal cortex

19
Q

what do estrogen and inhibin do?

A

stimulate production sex hormones and growth and maturation of germ cells

20
Q

what do thyroxine and triiodothyronine do?

A

stimulate production of thyroid hormone and growth of thyroid gland

21
Q

are all hypothalamic hormones peptide hormones?

A

yes

22
Q

what is a circadian secretion pattern and what hormone(s) follow it?

A

regular oscillations with a cycle of 24 hours
some pituitary hormones, eg ACTH

23
Q

what is the primary secretory product of the intermediate pituitary lobe in most species?

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone

24
Q

how are posterior pituitary hormones released?

A

stored in secretory vesicles as prohormones, then cleaved into hormones when transported to nerve terminal for release

25
Q

what is the half life of posterior pituitary hormones?

A

3-5 minutes

26
Q

what are the anterior pituitary hormones and which ones are tropic?

A

follicle stimulating hormone: tropic
luteinizing hormone: tropic
adrenocorticotropic hormone: tropic
thyroid stimulating hormone: tropic
growth hormone: tropic
prolactin

27
Q

what is the structure of the ACTH family of hormones (those from POMC: ACTH, beta-endorphin, melanocyte stimulating hormone)?

A

large peptide prohormone that has sequences that are biologically active when cleaved off

28
Q

what two hormones control growth hormone secretion?

A

growth hormone releasing hormone
somatostatin

29
Q

how is POMC production suppressed?

A

hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons innervate melanotrope cells
dopamine binds to melanotrope cells

OSSF 2 (19 decks)

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