Aortic Arches

Question 1

Aortic arches grow from the ________ ________, and pharyngeal arches fuse with ________ _____ _______ _________

Answer 1

ventral aorta; paired dorsal aortae bilaterally

Question 2

Aortic arch 1&2

Answer 2

degenerates

Question 3

Aortic arch 3

Answer 3

right and left sides form right and left carotid arteries

Question 4

Aortic arch 4

Answer 4

1. right side forms right subclavian artery
2. Left side forms arch of the aorta

Question 5

Aortic arch 5

Answer 5

transitory and rudimentary

Question 6

Aortic arch 6

Answer 6

1. Right side forms right pulmonary artery
2. Left side forms left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus

Question 7

Double aortic arch

Answer 7

caused when the distal portion of right dorsal aorta does not regress and forms a right aortic arch, creating a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus. This leads to difficulties in feeding and breathing.

Question 8

Right retroesophageal subclavian artery

Answer 8

abnormal obliteration of the right 4th aortic arch. Rarely clinically significant because the ring isn’t tight enough to constrict esophagus and trachea.

Question 9

Pre-ductal coarctation of aorta

Answer 9

Aortic constriction occurs PROXIMAL to ductus arteriosus. Ductus arteriosus closes and this is not compatible with life. Cyanotic almost immediately after birth with increased blood pressure in head and neck.

Question 10

Post-ductal coarctation of aorta

Answer 10

Aortic constriction is DISTAL to the ductus arteriosus. Usually asymptomatic until later in life when pt develops high blood pressure in head and neck.

Question 11

Post-ductal coarctation of aorta sign on x-ray

Answer 11

Rib notching on inferior side - looks like a 3

Question 12

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Answer 12

1. Ductus arteriosus remains open in fetus due to low oxygen and production of prostaglandins E1 and E2