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D3 > California > Flashcards

California Flashcards

1
Q

5 larger California regions?

A

North Coast
Central Coast
Inland Valleys
Sierra Foothills
Southern California

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2
Q

What did Andre Tchelistcheff bring to the California wine industry?

A

Acted as consultant and pioneer winemaker
Temp-control fermentation
Winery hygiene
Techniques to prevent disease/frost

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3
Q

Impact of phylloxera in Cali?

A

Struck in 1980s
Led to re-evaluation of site selection
New varietals/planting material
Focus on quantity over quality

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4
Q

Important California climate elements?

A

Coast Ranges - shelter from Ocean
Fog
High diurnal range
Air flow - reduced fungal disease/frost
Wildfires

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5
Q

Sustainability in Cali?

A

85% of wine comes from a winery with sustainability certification
Organic is rare - no SO2

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6
Q

Winemaking and history of concentrated reds?

A

Started in 1990s due to demand/critical acclaim
Uses Green-harvesting and long hang time
Very ripe, concentrated, full bodied, and high alcohol

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7
Q

Describe Zinfandel:

A

Uneven ripening
Med+ Acid
Jammy raspberry, blueberry, blackberry
Medium/Full body
Med+ ripe tannins
American oak

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8
Q

Describe White Zinfandel:

A

Short maceration method
Medium pink
Fermentation stopped early - medium dry
Low alcohol
Medium acidity
Medium body
Strawberry and fruit candy

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9
Q

Describe Syrah in Cali:

A

Grown in cooler areas
Med/Med+ body
Med+ acid
Med+ tannin
Plum, blackberry, spice

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10
Q

Describe Pinot Gris in Cali:

A

Dry but fruity
Peach, pear, melon

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11
Q

Describe Petite Sirah:

A

AKA Durif
Late-ripening
Deeply colored
Full bodied
Black fruit, spice notes

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12
Q

Define Estate Bottled:

A

Made and bottled at winery
Grapes must come from the same AVA as the producer
All vineyards owned or controlled by producer

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13
Q

Production and export of Cali? Grape growers, wineries?

A

26 mil hL production
3.3 mil hL exported
5900 growers
4800 wineries

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14
Q

Relevance of Gallo?

A

Founded in Modesto in 1933
Largest wine company in the world
6.3 mil hL
Owns largest brand Barefoot

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15
Q

Sub-regions of North Coast, and their main feature:

A

Mendocino County
Lake County
Sonoma County
Napa County

Mayacamas mountains run through

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16
Q

Describe Mendocino:

A

Includes 13 AVAs - Anderson Valley, Mendocino, Redwood Valley, etc.
Coastal areas (Anderson) known for Pinot, Chard, aromatic whites
Inland (Redwood) known for Zin, Syrah, Petite Sirah, Cab Sauv

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17
Q

Describe Anderson Valley:

A

High rain
Warm with cool air funneled along Navarro River
Pinot Noir and Chard, aromatic whites (Alsace)
Williams Selyem

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18
Q

Describe Lake County:

A

Between Mayacamas and Vaca
Warm climate
Clear Lake - largest natural lake in Cali
Cab Sauv, Sauv Blanc
7 Sub-AVAs

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19
Q

Describe Sonoma County:

A

Includes Northern Sonoma, Sonoma Coast, and Sonoma Valley
18 Sub-AVAs

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20
Q

AVA’s in Northern Sonoma?

A

Alexander Valley
Knights Valley
Russian River Valley
Green River Valley
Chalk Hill
Dry Creek Valley

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21
Q

Describe Alexander Valley:

A

Warm
Moderate rainfall, mostly winter
Air funneled from Petaluma Gap + Russian River Valley
Fertility on floor, low nutrient on slopes
Cab: Blackberry, blackcurrant, dried herbs, chocolate
Stonestreet

22
Q

Describe Knights Valley:

A

Warmer, hills shelter from cooling influence
Cab dominant; Merlot, Syrah, Sauv Blanc, Chard

23
Q

Describe Dry Creek Valley:

A

Narrow, surrounding Dry Creek River
Warm days, cool nights
Gravel soils
Zin and Sauv Blanc
Ridge

24
Q

Describe Rockpile AVA:

A

All vineyards must be above 800ft
Steep, rocky slopes
Warm nights
Zin, Petite Sirah, Syrah, Cab Sauv, Cab Franc, Douro
Devil Proof

25
Q

Describe Russian River:

A

Moderate->warm
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
Free draining, low nutrient soils
Rochioli, La Crema

26
Q

Describe Russian River Pinot:

A

Med/Med+ Body
Med tannin
Med+ acidity
Ripe strawberry, cherry, vanilla spice

27
Q

Describe Russian River Chard:

A

Med/Med+ body
Med+ acid
Ripe peach, pineapple, creamy, spicy

28
Q

Describe Green Valley:

A

Coolest conditions
Free-draining, low nutrient
Chard/Pinot Noir

29
Q

Describe Chalk Hill:

A

Warmer
White volcanic ash soil
Chard, Cab Sauv, Sauv Blanc

30
Q

Describe Sonoma Coast:

A

Includes Carneros, Petaluma Gap AVA, and Fort Ross Seaview AVA
Cool ocean exposure; windy
-Low yields - disrupted fruit set
Pinot Noir, Chard
Aubert

31
Q

Describe Sonoma Valley:

A

Sheltered from Pacific by Sonoma Mountains
Cooled by San Pablo Bay

32
Q

Describe Sonoma Mountain:

A

Intense sun, warm days, cool nights
Vineyards planted below fog line
Volcanic soils (FDLN)
Cab Sauv dominates

33
Q

Describe Napa Valley:

A

4% Cali production, 27% value
16 sub-AVAs
Mayacamas West, Vaca East

34
Q

Describe Southern Napa valley floor AVAs:

A

Carneros, Coombsville, Oak Knoll
Strongest feel of cold air/fog
Cab in Coombsville, Oak Knoll - lighter-bodied, fresher style

35
Q

Describe Northern Napa valley floor AVAs:

A

Yountville, Stags Leap District, Oakville, Rutherford, St Helena, Calistoga
Warm to hot climate, cool nights
Cab Sauv and Sauv Blanc dominant
Cab - rounder, fruity, less structure than mountain AVAs
SB - ripe, juicy, tropical, peach

36
Q

Describe the Napa Mountain AVAs:

A

Less diurnal
Higher levels of tannin/acidity
Mount Veeder (coolest), Atlas Peak, Howell Mountain (warmest), Spring Mountain District, Diamond Mountain District

37
Q

Soils of Napa:

A

Valley floor - silt/clay, high fertility + water retaining
Alluvial fans at feet of mountains - “benches” - sediment deposits from mountain streams; deep, rocky, moderate fertility

38
Q

Napa Vineyards:

A

60% certified Napa Green
Drip irrigation common
Mechanization on valley floor, hand harvest on slopes
Cab and Chard most common overall

39
Q

Importance of Rutherford Bench?

A

Home to To Kalon
Most famous vineyard area
Narrow 3mi stretch on Mayacamas in Oakville + Rutherford

40
Q

Describe Central Coast:

A

Includes Monterey County, San Luis Obispo County, Santa Barbara County
Cooled by coast

41
Q

Describe Livermore Valley:

A

Stony soils
Chard, Cab, Sauv Blanc, and Zin
Wente, Concannon
- their clones propagated 80% of Cali Cab and Chard

42
Q

Describe Monterey County:

A

Monterey, SLH, Arroyo Seco, Chalone, Carmel Valley
Chard, Pinot Noir, Syrah
Low rainfall, irrigation essential
FDLN
Cool, wind, fog

43
Q

Describe San Luis Obispo:

A

Includes Paso Robles, Edna Valley, Arroyo Grande Valley

44
Q

Describe Paso Robles:

A

11 sub-AVAs, including Adelaida District
Templeton Gap - low point in Coastal Range that cools Paso
Calcareous and clay soils
Moderate rainfall
Cab Sauv dominant; Rhone varieties
Tablas Creek

45
Q

Describe Edna Valley:

A

One of coolest AVAs
Morro Bay brings cool fog and wind
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir dominate

46
Q

Describe Santa Barbara:

A

Includes Santa Maria Valley and Santa Ynez Valley
Transverse ranges - east/west orientation of Coast Range - funnels cool air
Chardonnay/Pinot Noir dominate
High alcohol
Cellar door prohibited on site - must set up in town/city

47
Q

Sub-AVAs of Santa Ynez:

A

Sta Rita Hills
Bailard Canyon
Los Olivos District
Happy Canyon

48
Q

Describe Sta Rita Hills Pinot:

A

Black cherry, black plum, tea leaf, savory
Med+/High acid
Med+ tannins

49
Q

Describe Central Valley:

A

Not an AVA
Sacramento valley (North) and San Joaquin (South)
Flat, fertile
Very ripe
Colombard, Chard, Muscat, Zin, Merlot
E&J Gallo, Bronco

50
Q

Describe Lodi:

A

Hot mediterranean
FDLN
Irrigation widely used (Mokelumne River)
Old vines - bush vines; new VSP/Cordon
Zin dominates
7 sub-AVAs
Lodi Rules was states first sustainability certification

51
Q

Describe Sierra Foothills:

A

Hot days, cool nights - high diurnal
Sandy/clay/granite - retains water
Old vine Zin dominates; Italian, Rhone, Spanish
1mil ha

52
Q

Describe South Coast:

A

South of LA to Mexico
Chardonnay, Cab Sauv, Zin, Chenin Blanc

D3 (29 decks)

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