Science

Question 1

pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 1

prevents return of blood into right ventricle

Question 2

bicuspid valve
aka mitral valve

Answer 2

prevents blood from entering left atrium when ventricle contracts

Question 3

aortic semilunar valve

Answer 3

stops backflow of blood into left ventricle as it leaves thru aorta

Question 4

bloodflow thru heart of right side

Answer 4

superior/inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary artery -> lungs

Right side = RIGHT to the lungs

Question 5

bloodflow thru heart of left side

Answer 5

pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> mitral/bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> aorta -> body

Question 6

endothelium

Answer 6

inner lining of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
lines entire circulatory system composed of squamous endothelial cells connected by tight and adheren junctions
selectively permeable barrier b/w blood and larger molecules
releases peptides called endothelin that cause smooth muscle in vessel walls to contract for vasoconstriction
secrete chemicals that inhibit coagulation of blood
if damaged, the release different chemicals for blood clot formation

Question 7

blood pressure

Answer 7

force per unit area that’s exerted by blood on walls of vessels
unless indicated, refers to pressure in major arteries

Question 8

systolic pressure

Answer 8

max pressure exerted during systole

Question 9

systole

Answer 9

when ventricles contract, forcing blood into aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 10

diastole

Answer 10

ventricles relax and BP is at lowest point

Question 11

verage BP

Answer 11

120 systolic bp/ 80 diastolic bp

Question 12

high bp

Answer 12

can damage walls of blood vessels and increase risk of heart disease, heart failure, and stroke

Question 13

low bp

Answer 13

only risk if it occurs suddenly or causes lightheadedness or fainting

Question 14

systemic circuit

Answer 14

carries blood from left ventricle -> aorta -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillary beds w/in tissue
longer than pulmonary circuit so it has higher blood pressure
blood in arteries carries more oxygen than blood in veins
when oxygen levels are low, vessels dilate to promote blood flow to tissues that need it

Question 15

capillary beds

Answer 15

oxygen and nutrients eneter tissues
CO2 and other waste enter blood

Question 16

venules

Answer 16

carry deoxygenated blood into larger veins

Question 17

pulmonary circuit

Answer 17

carries blood from heart to lungs and back to heart
deoxygenated blood flows is expelled from right ventricle -> ppulmonary trunk -> right and left pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> arterioles -> capillaries where gas exchange occurs via diffusion -> now oxygenated blood leave capillaries -> venules -> veins -> four pulmonary veins -> left atrium
arteries have less oxygen than veins
low blood oxygen triggers vasoconstriction which redirects blood to better ventilated parts of lung 3