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Fundamentals of Anatomy and Biomechanics > The Basics of Biomechanics for Gait Analysis > Flashcards

The Basics of Biomechanics for Gait Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is used to describe human movement?

A

Planes of motion

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2
Q

How many planes of motion are there to describe how we move?

A

3

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3
Q

Name the three planes of motion.

A

Sagittal
Coronal
Transverse

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4
Q

What is a sagittal plane?

A

Divides the body in two halves, left to right

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5
Q

What is a coronal plane?

A

Divides the body into dorsal and ventral (posterior and anterior)

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6
Q

What is a transverse plane?

A

Divides the body into cranial and caudal (upper and lower)

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7
Q

What movements occur in a sagittal plane?

A

Flexion and extension

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8
Q

What movements occur in a coronal plane?

A

Like watching a mime that can’t move forward or backwards

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9
Q

What movements occur in a transverse plane?

A

Rotational

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10
Q

Give examples of sagittal plane movements.

A

Ankle plantar dorsiflexion
Knee flexion extension
Hip flexion extension
Pelvic tilt

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11
Q

Give example of coronal plane movements.

A

Knee ab/adduction
Hip ab/adduction
Pelvic obliquity

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12
Q

Give example of transverse plane movements.

A

Foot ab/adduction
Hip rotation
Pelvic rotation

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13
Q

What can planes of movement be represented in?

A

Cartesian Coordinate System

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14
Q

What does the Cartesian Coordinate System allow?

A

To specify the location of a point in the plane

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15
Q

What plane is the x-axis?

A

Sagittal plane / anteroposterior

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16
Q

What plane is the y-axis?

A

Transverse plane / mediolateral

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17
Q

What plane is the z-axis?

A

Coronal plane / longitudinal

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18
Q

What do all joint movements rotate around?

A

One axis

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19
Q

What axis runs through the body horizontally from front to the back?

A

Anteroposterior axis

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20
Q

What way does the Anteroposterior axis run through the body?

A

Horizontally front to back

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21
Q

What plane matches with the Anteroposterior axis?

A

Coronal plane

22
Q

Which axis does the Coronal plane match with?

A

Anteroposterior axis

23
Q

Which axis runs through the body horizontally from left to right?

A

Mediolateral axis

24
Q

What way does the Mediolateral axis run through the body?

A

Horizontally left to right

25
Q

What plane matches with the Mediolateral axis?

A

Sagittal plane

26
Q

Which axis does the Sagittal plane match with?

A

Mediolateral axis

27
Q

Which axis runs through the body vertically from the top to the bottom?

A

Longitudinal axis

28
Q

What way does the Longitudinal axis run through the body?

A

Vertically top to bottom

29
Q

What plane does the Longitudinal axis match with?

A

Transverse plane

30
Q

What axis does the Transverse plane match with?

A

Longitudinal axis

31
Q

How many primary phases can the gait cycle be broken down into?

A

Two

32
Q

What are the names of the two primary phases the gait cycle can be broken down into?

A

Stance phase
Swing phase

33
Q

What is the stance phase?

A

Consists of the entire time that a foot is on the ground

34
Q

What is the swing phase?

A

Consists of the entire time that a foot is in the air

35
Q

What is bipedal/double support?

A

Both members are simultaneously in the stance phase

36
Q

What is unipedal/single support?

A

Only one is in the support phase, other is in oscillating phase

37
Q

How many phases does walking include?

A

8

38
Q

How many tasks does walking include?

A

3

39
Q

What are the 3 tasks during walking?

A

Weight Acceptance
Single Limb Support
Swing Limb Advancement

40
Q

Which 2 phases are in the weight acceptance task?

A

Initial contact 0%
Loading Response 0-10%

41
Q

Which 2 phases are in the single limb support task?

A

Mid stance 10-30%
Terminal stance 30-50%

42
Q

Which 4 phases are in the swing limb advancement?

A

Pre swing 50-60%
Initial swing 60-75%
Mid swing 75-87%
Terminal swing 87-100%

43
Q

What critical event happens at the initial contact phase?

A

Heel first initial contact

44
Q

What critical event happens at the loading response phase?

A

Hip stability
Controlled knee flexion for shock absorption
Controlled ankle plantarflexion

45
Q

What critical event happens at the mid stance phase?

A

Controlled tibial advancement

46
Q

What critical event happens at the terminal stance phase?

A

Controlled ankle dorsiflexion with heel rise
Trailing limb posture

47
Q

What critical event happens at the pre swing phase?

A

Passive knee flexion to 40°
Rapid ankle plantarflexion

48
Q

What critical event happens at the initial swing phase?

A

Max knee flexion (>60°)

49
Q

What critical event happens at the mid swing phase?

A

Max hip flexion (30°)
Dorsiflexion to neutral

50
Q

What critical event happens at the terminal swing phase?

A

Knee extension to neutral

Fundamentals of Anatomy and Biomechanics (14 decks)

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