Hematomas and Hemorrhages!!

Question 1

Where is extradural or epidural hematoma located?

Answer 1

between the skull and the dura

Question 2

Where is a subdural hematoma located?

Answer 2

between the dura and the arachnoid

Question 3

Where is the sub arachnoid hematoma located??

Answer 3

Between the arachnoid and PIA

Question 4

Where is the intracereberal hematoma located?

Answer 4

directly into the brain tissues

Question 5

Where is the tear usually located during an epidural hematoma?

Answer 5

in the middle meningeal artery in the temporal region

Question 6

S/S of a epidural hematoma:

Answer 6

head trauma w LOC
lucid interval then signs of increased ICP within mins-hrs
rapid DEATH!!!!!

Question 7

Where is a subdural hematoma located?

Answer 7

between the dura and the arachnoid!!

Question 8

What kind of bleed is a subdural hematoma? How fast does it accumulate?

Answer 8

VENOUS bleed- slowly accumulates

Question 9

What is more common- Epidural or subdural hematomas??

Answer 9

SUBDURAL hematomas

Question 10

Who is most at risk for epidural hematomas?

Answer 10

alcoholics and the elderly on blood thinners because brain atrophy allows more space for a hematoma to develop!!!

Question 11

SUB- prefix means _____ to the brain?

Answer 11

closer!!

Question 12

SUB- prefix means _____ to the brain?

Answer 12

closer!!

Question 13

EPI- prefix means _____ to the SKULL?

Answer 13

CLOSER!!

Question 14

What are symptoms of a subdural hematoma?

Answer 14

headaches, changes in LOC, slurred speech

Question 15

Where does subarachnoid hemorrhage occur?

Answer 15

between the arachnoid and the pia

Question 16

What is subarachnoid hemorrhage commonly associated with??

Answer 16

traumatic bleeding from the blood vessels at the base of the brain - aneurysms

Question 17

What is the hallmark statement of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Answer 17

“THIS IS THE WORST HEADACHE OF MY ENTIRE LIFE”

sudden onset of severe painful headache

Question 18

What is intracerebral hemorrhage?

Answer 18

bleeding in the brain tissue
- frontal and temporal lobes are most common

blunt or penetrating trauma

Question 19

S/S of intraceberal hemorrhage?

Answer 19

dependent on the area of the brain injury and the extent of the injury!!!
- alterations in LOC
- similar patterns to CVA’s
- high mortality rate

Question 20

What do all hematomas lead to?

Answer 20

an increasing ICP as the bleeding puts pressure on the tissues

Question 21

What are s/s of neurogenic shock?

Answer 21

bradycardia
skin is warm and dry NOT cool/clammy
no significant blood loss
paralysis and loss of spinal reflexes

Question 22

What are the s/s of hypovolemic shock?

Answer 22

tachycardia
skin is cool pale and clammy
evident blood loss not associated with paralysis

Question 23

What are significant s/s of basal skull #’s??

Answer 23

bilateral periorbital ecchymosis (racoon eyes)
otorhhea (CSF from ears)
rhinorrhea (CSF from nose)
mastoid brusing

Question 24

What is the normal pupil reaction to light?

Answer 24

constriction!!

Question 25

What does deviation in size of pupils indicate??

Answer 25

CNS involvement or hypoxia

Question 26

What does deviation in position of pupils indicate?

Answer 26

cranial nerve involvement

Question 27

Same pupil on injured size results in blown pupil true or false?

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

FIXED dilated pupils indicate…..

Answer 28

cerebral anoxia or brainstem involvement