chapter2

Question 1

when were federal prisons established? its purposes? how many inmates are held? are they any in pa? and where?

Answer 1

established in May 1934, house adult felons who are sentenced to 1 or more years. since 2008 more than 2 billion were incarcerated. Usp Lewisburg is in pa

Question 2

sentencing reform act of 1984

Answer 2

abolishes parole and establishes determinate sentencing for federal offenders

Question 3

5 security levels of the federal prison system

Answer 3

minimum- low s-to-I ratio, dormitory housing
low- Double fence perimeter, strong work, and program component, higher s-to-i-ratio
medium- double fence with electronics, cell housing, higher s-to-I ratio
high- highly secure perimeter, cell housing, higher s-to-i ratio
Administrative- special mission, detention of pretrial offenders, house dangerous inmates

Question 4

Ice is formerly known as? total # of facilities? in pa where?

Answer 4

Formerly known as INS. more than 200 facilities, york county, berk county, pike county and Montgomery

Question 5

prison privatization? what led to using of practice? largest company

Answer 5

the prison operated by private enterprises for profit. they are used because of cost saving, increased capacity, and innovation. CCA is the largest company

Question 6

what is parole? dates back to?

Answer 6

A word of honor, conditional release of an inmate.
dates back to 1940 created by alexander maconochie

Question 7

What condition can it be revoked?

Answer 7

a violation, possible stipulated agreement, possible warrant for arrest

Question 8

due process right

Answer 8

The right to a fair and impartial hearing or trial
The right to be notified of the charges against you
The right to an attorney
The right to present evidence and witnesses
The right to cross-examine witnesses

Question 9

presumptive parole date?

Answer 9

Date which an inmate is eligible to be released on parole

Question 10

3 major methods for release? how does discretionary release work?

Answer 10

discretionary parole- Board makes decision
supervised mandatory release- law requires release
unconditional mandatory release

Question 11

Parole revocation process

Answer 11

determining there is a violation
possible stipulated agreement
notice of violation
possible warrant for arrest
preliminary hearing
full revocation hearing
reprimand/modification or return to prison

Question 12

REvocation preliminary hearing? outcomes?

Answer 12

To determine if there is probable cause to believe that the parolee has violated the terms of release .
no probable cause, probable cause found but nothing changes and probable cause found and things change

Question 13

PA board of probation and parole

Answer 13

located in Harrisburg, its made up of 11 members and a chairman, purpose reduced criminal propensity, supervise low-risk offenders

Question 14

prisoner reentry

Answer 14

community cohesion, employment, and economic issues, homelessness, education

Question 15

Juvenile court act of 1899? Where was it established and when?

Answer 15

Established the first JC in the united states.// It was in Chicago in 1899

Question 16

parens patriae

Answer 16

father of the country. It’s applicable to cases regarding minors, and disable adults

Question 17

juvenile courts vs criminal courts

Answer 17

limited jurisdiction, proceeding much more informally, focusing on offenders, not their crime

Question 18

Juvenile delinquents vs status offenders

Answer 18

Tatus offenders do not commit crimes
acts committed by juveniles that would not be considered crimes if committed by adults

Question 19

what are juvenile waivers? allowed for?use? MOst frequantly waived

Answer 19

changing jurisdiction of offenders
some offenses warrant criminal prosecution and some juveniles are beyond rehab// harsher punishment imposed, deter another juvenile.

Question 20

judicial waiver/discretionary

Answer 20

where the judge turns the case over to criminal court

Question 21

direct file waiver

Answer 21

the prosecutor has the sole authority. allows them to bring charges against juveniles

Question 22

automatic/statutory waiver

Answer 22

automatically transfer because of offense seriousness

Question 23

demand waiver

Answer 23

Juvenile themselves may request a waiver. if they face serious charges

Question 24

juvenile intake? conducted by? results?

Answer 24

determines if evidence exists to formally process allegations. conducted by JP dept. results include dismissal, remand youth to pc, and with provision

Question 25

Kent vs united states. 1966

Answer 25

established requirements of waiver hearing before juveniles can be transferred. are entitled to consult with counsel prior to and during hearings

Question 26

in re gault. 1967

Answer 26

rights to notice of charges, right to counsel and right to confront and cross-examine witnesses

Question 27

in re Winship 1970

Answer 27

standard of proof in juvenile court proceedings

Question 28

mckeiver v Pennsylvania 1971

Answer 28

not entitled to a jury trial
rights lies with leg and judges

Question 29

roper v simmon 2004

Answer 29

5-4 decision
justice Kennedy- less culpable
uncost to execute juveniles

Question 30

Drug offenders

Answer 30

largest portion incarcerated, those who commit on deviant acts are likely to commit another

Question 31

mentally ill

Answer 31

they create a dual problem of control and treatment

Question 32

deinstitutionalize

Answer 32

to discharge from a facility

Question 33

aging offenders

Answer 33

changes in sent models contribute to aging prison pop. they pose medical problems, more resources have to be used

Question 34

violent offenders

Answer 34

some inmates are not deterred by the standard inmate disciplinary process

Question 35

sex offenders? types?

Answer 35

commit prohibited sexual acts./ statutory rape, sodomy, fondling, lewd acts

Question 36

recidivism rates?

Answer 36

Not as high compared to other offenders

Question 37

Megan’s law

Answer 37

law that forces to give information about sex offenders in area

Question 38

jessicas law

Answer 38

imposes mandatory minimum sentences on individuals convicted of certain sex offenses against children,