HEENT assessment

Question 1

How is objective data collected

Answer 1

through inspection, palpation, auscultation, and percussion

Question 2

What is the skull separated into

Answer 2

cranium and facial bones

Question 3

Cranium

Answer 3

houses and protects the brain and major sensory organs, 8 bones

Question 4

Facial bones

Answer 4

give shape to the face, 14 bones, all immovable except for the mandible

Question 5

External eye structures

Answer 5

lens, cornea

Question 6

PERRLA

Answer 6

pupils equal, round, reactive to light, accommodation

Question 7

Extraocular muscles

Answer 7

6 muscles attached to the outer surface of the eyeball that control the 6 different directions of movement - 4 rectus muscles, 2 oblique muscles

Question 8

Rectus muscles

Answer 8

superior, middle, inferior

Question 9

Oblique muscles

Answer 9

superior and inferior

Question 10

What cranial nerves are the eye muscles controlled by

Answer 10

3, 4, and 6

Question 11

Peripheral vision

Answer 11

boundary of the eye when the eye is in a fixed position

Question 12

EOMS

Answer 12

control of the movement of the eye and allow us to track movement

Question 13

What is responsible for smell and part of the respiratory system

Answer 13

the nose and sinus

Question 14

How does the temporal lobe perceive smell

Answer 14

the vaporized molecules trigger receptors in cranial nerve 1 to olfactory centers

Question 15

How many paranasal sinuses are located in the skull

Answer 15

4 pairs

Question 16

What decreases the weight of the skull

Answer 16

air filled cavities

Question 17

What do sinuses act as

Answer 17

resonance chambers during speech

Question 18

What is the neck composed of

Answer 18

muscles, ligaments, cervical vertebrae

Question 19

Where are lymph nodes located

Answer 19

the head and neck - size and shape may very

Question 20

Are lymph nodes palpable

Answer 20

only when they swell and are painful

Question 21

When do babies have control over their head

Answer 21

around 4 months - erect and midline

Question 22

When do the anterior fontanels close

Answer 22

between 9-18 months

Question 23

When do the posterior fontanels close

Answer 23

between birth-2 months

Question 24

Weber test

Answer 24

sound should be heard in both ears, vibrating tuning fork on the top of the head, want negative weber test

Question 25

Rinne test

Answer 25

perform if positive Weber test, tests bone conduction with the tunning fork on the mastoid process and air conduction in the front of the ear, AC is x2 as long as BC

Question 26

How long is strabismus normal for

Answer 26

4-6 months

Question 27

Why are bright colors and large objects best seen in pediatrics

Answer 27

the optic nerve is not yet myelinated so they are not able to distinguish color and detail well

Question 28

Newborn vision

Answer 28

20/100, 20/400

Question 29

What should happen to 3 month vision

Answer 29

eyes should be aligned and movement is coordinated

Question 30

5 year vision

Answer 30

20/40, 20/30

Question 31

7 year vision

Answer 31

20/20

Question 32

Why do eyes have a sunken appearance

Answer 32

a decrease in periorbital fat

Question 33

Presbyopia

Answer 33

lens of the eye begins to lose some ability to accommodate to near objects

Question 34

What happens to PERRLA reaction in older adults

Answer 34

slower but still equal, accommodation may be slow

Question 35

What happens to conjunctiva in older adults

Answer 35

pale or slightly yellow tint due to fat deposits

Question 36

When is brownish pigmentation in gums normal

Answer 36

in individuals with a darker skin tone

Question 37

Diminished distant vision

Answer 37

nearsighted, small fraction (20/100)