Infection & Shock

Question 1

Innate Immunity

Answer 1

• Innate = born with
• AKA natural or native immunity
• General and non-specific (does not differentiate between types of pathogens)
• First line of defence (physical, chemical, and cellular defences out into place before infection)
  - Barriers (skin, mucous membranes), phagocytes, inflammation, fever
• Rapid response (minutes/hours)
• Response is similar with each exposure
• WBC; phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils), innate lymphoid cells (natural killer cells), dendritic cells

Question 2

Adaptive Immunity

Answer 2

• AKA specific or acquired immunity
• Second line of defence (cell killing, tagging of antigen by antibody for removal)
• Responds less rapidly than innate immunity but it more effective
• Slower response (days/weeks)
• Focused on recognition of each type of antigen
• Immunologic memory; more rapid and efficient response with subsequent exposure
• T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells

Question 3

Major Components of Innate Immunity

Answer 3

• Skin and mucous membranes
• Phagocytic cells (mainly neutrophils and macrophages)
• Specialized innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that include natural killer cells (NK cells)
• Several plasma proteins
• Rapid response (usually within minutes-hours), prevents the establishment of infection and deeper tissue penetration of microorganisms