Chapter 13: Vocabulary

Question 1

albumin

Answer 1

protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

Question 2

antibody (Ab)

Answer 2

specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses or other antigens. An antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it

Question 3

antigen

Answer 3

substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody

Question 4

basophil

Answer 4

white blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with release of histamine and heparin

Question 5

bilirubin

Answer 5

orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

Question 6

coagulation

Answer 6

blood clotting

Question 7

colony-stimulating factor (CSF)

Answer 7

protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells (granulocytes)

Question 8

differentiation

Answer 8

change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

Question 9

electrophoresis

Answer 9

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge

Question 10

eosinophil

Answer 10

white blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions

Question 11

erythroblast

Answer 11

immature red blood cell

Question 12

erythroprotein (EPO)

Answer 12

hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation

Question 13

fibrin

Answer 13

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

Question 14

fibrinogen

Answer 14

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

Question 15

globulin

Answer 15

plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples

Question 16

granulocyte

Answer 16

white blood cell with numerous dark staining granules: eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

Question 17

hematopoietic stem cell

Answer 17

cell int he bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

Question 18

hemolysis

Answer 18

destruction of breakdown of blood (red blood cells)

Question 19

heparin

Answer 19

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

Question 20

immune reaction

Answer 20

response of the immune system to foreign invasion

Question 21

immunoglobulin

Answer 21

protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD

Question 22

leukocyte

Answer 22

white blood cell

Question 23

lymphocyte

Answer 23

mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies

Question 24

macrophage

Answer 24

monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. As a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris. In the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells

Question 25

megakaryocyte

Answer 25

large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

Question 26

monocyte

Answer 26

leukocyte with one large nucleus. It is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues

Question 27

mononuclear

Answer 27

pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes

Question 28

myeloblast

Answer 28

immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes

Question 29

neutrophil

Answer 29

granulocytic leukocyte formed in bone marrow. It is phagocytic tissue-fighting cell. Also called a polymorphonuclear leukocyte

Question 30

plasma

Answer 30

liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones and vitamins

Question 31

plasmapheresis

Answer 31

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are retransfused back into the donor. Fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.

Question 32

platelet

Answer 32

small blood fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

Question 33

polymorphonuclear

Answer 33

pertaining to a white blood cell with a multi-lobed; neutrophil

Question 34

prothrombin

Answer 34

plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

Question 35

reticulocyte

Answer 35

immature erythrocyte. a network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes

Question 36

rH factor

Answer 36

antigen on red blood cells of Eh-positive (Rh+) individuals

Question 37

serum

Answer 37

plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors

Question 38

stem cell

Answer 38

unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells

Question 39

thrombin

Answer 39

enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

Question 40

thrombocyte

Answer 40

platelet