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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon atoms.

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2
Q

What 2 types of hydrocarbons are there?

A

Alkanes: C-C (saturated)
Alkenes: C=C (unsaturated)

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3
Q

Suffix for alkanes?

A

ane

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4
Q

Suffix for alkenes?

A

ene

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5
Q

General formula for Alkanes?

A

C(n)H(2n+2)

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6
Q

General formula for Alkenes?

A

C(n)H(2n)

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7
Q

Prefixes for hydrocarbons?

A

1: Meth
2: Eth
3: Prop
4: But
5: Pent

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8
Q

How many covalent bond does a carbon have?

A

Four

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9
Q

How many covalent bonds does a hydrogen have?

A

One

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10
Q

What happens to carbon & hydrogen during complete combustion of alkanes?

A

Carbon: Oxidised to make carbon dioxide
Hydrogen: Oxidized to make water

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11
Q

Word equation for complete combustion of alkanes?

A

Alkane + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water

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12
Q

What happens when there is incomplete combustion in alkanes?

A

Carbon oxidises to carbom monoxide instead of CO2.

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13
Q

What’s a functional group?

A

A specific set of atoms within a molecule that determine the characteristics of that molecule.

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14
Q

Examples of functional groups?

A

C=C: Alkenes
OH: Alcohols (Hydroxyl Group)
COOH: Carboxyl Group

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15
Q

What’s an addition reaction?

A

Molecules combine to form a bigger molecule with no byproducts.

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16
Q

Which hydrocarbons can undergo addition reactions?

A

Alkenes because they have a C=C bond which can break down into single bonds with other molecules.

17
Q

Alkenes addition reactions with hydrogen word equation?
Example?

A

Alkene + Hydrogen –> Alkane

Ethene + Hydrogen –> Ethane

18
Q

What’s an alcohol?

A

Homologous series which forms part of the OH (hydroxyl) functional group.

19
Q

Suffix for alcohols?

A

ol

20
Q

What’s the general formula for alcohols?

A

C(n)H(2n+1)OH

21
Q

What’s a carboxylic acid?

A

Homologous series which forms part of the -COOH (carboxylic) group.

22
Q

How do you name carboxylic acids?

A

hydrocarbon prefix + antic acid

E.g. ethanoic acid

23
Q

General formula for carboxylic acids?

A

C(n)H(2n+1)COOH

24
Q

How are carboxylic acids made?

A

Alcohols that are oxidized become carboxylic acids.

25
Q

Ethanol to Ethanoic acid symbol & word equations?

A

Ethanol + Oxygen –> Ethanoic acid + Water

C2H5OH + 2O –> C2H5COOH + H2O

26
Q

Acid + Metal –> ?

A

Acid + Metal –> Salt + Hydrogen

27
Q

Acid + Alkali –> ?

A

Acid + Alkali –> Salt + Water

28
Q

Acid + Carbonates –> ?

A

Acid - Carbonate –> Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

29
Q

What will be created when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate?

A

Ethanoic acid + Sodium carbonate –> Sodium ethanoate + Water + Carbon dioxide

30
Q

What will carboxylic acids go into when formed into a salt?

A

Prefix + anoate

E.g. Ethanoate

31
Q

What is crude oil?

A

Fossil fuels that is made of remains of marine organisms. Mixture of hydrocarbons

32
Q

What happens the more carbons there are in a hydrocarbon?

A
  • Higher boiling points
  • Stronger inter-molecular forces
33
Q

How are hydrocarbons separated from one another in crude oil?

A

Fractional distillation

34
Q

How does fractional distillation work in hydrocarbons?

A
  • Fractionating column has temperature difference, (top = colder, bottom = hotter)
  • Hydrocarbons condense at a certain level (different boiling points) and come out as liquids, at their fraction.
  • Small hydrocarbons (Methane-Butane) leave as gas
  • Big hydrocarbons are left at the bottom.
35
Q

What is cracking?

A

Splitting long hydrocarbons into more useful (smaller) hydrocarbons.

36
Q

How is cracking done?

A

At high temperatures and with a catalyst, it breaks down the carbon bonds, and splits into smaller hydrocarbons.

37
Q

What are addition polymers?

A

Polymers made from long molecules joined together through addition reactions.

Chemistry (8 decks)

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