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Human Anatomy > Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Bony Pelvis

A

A basin-shaped bony ring that attaches the lower limbs to the spine and supports the visceral organs of the pelvis

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2
Q

The pelvis is formed by how many bones?

A

4 bones:
2 Hip bones (os coxae)- Fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis during puberty
Sacrum
Coccyx

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3
Q

Divisions of the Bony Pelvis

A

Greater (false) pelvis and a lesser (true pelvis)

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4
Q

What separates the Greater and Lesser Pelvis?

A

The pelvic brim

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5
Q

Greater Pelvis

A

Houses certain abdominal viscera

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6
Q

Lesser Pelvis

A

Accommodates pelvic viscera- bladder and reproductive organs

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7
Q

Differences between Male and Female Pelvis

A

Female Sacrum: Wider; shorter sacral curvature is accentuated
Female Coccyx: More movable; straighter
Female Greater Sciatic Notch: Wide and shallow
Female Pelvic Inlet (brim): Wider; oval from side to side
Female Pelvic Outlet: Wider; ischial tuberosities shorter, farther apart, and everted
Male Sacrum: Narrow; longer; sacral promontory more ventral
Male Coccyx: Less movable; curves ventrally
Male Greater Sciatic Notch: Narrow and deep
Male Pelvic Inlet (brim): Narrow; heart-shaped
Male Outlet: Narrower; ischial tuberosities are longer, sharper, and point more medially

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8
Q

Pelvic Ligaments

A
  • Weight of the trunk tends to rotate the sacrum anteriorly
  • Pelvic ligaments are arranged to resist this force
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9
Q

What hormone releases during pregnancy?

A

Relaxin

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10
Q

Pelvic Diaphragm

A
  • Extends from the pubic symphysis to the coccyx
  • Separates pelvic viscera from the perineal structures inferiorly
  • Supports the pelvic organs
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11
Q

What does the Pelvic Diaphragm Close Off?

A

Since it is a “funnel” of skeletal muscles, it closes off the pelvic outlet

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12
Q

What do the Skeletal Muscles of the Pelvic Diaphragm Help With?

A

They form a dynamic floor that supports the pelvic viscera inferiorly and helps to raise intra-abdominal pressure; voluntary control of urination, fecal continence, and uterus support

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13
Q

Levator ani Muscle consists of three parts according to their fibers:

A
  • Puborectalis
  • Pubococcygeus
  • Iliococcygeus
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14
Q

Levator ani + Coccygeus Muscles + Their Fascias make…

A

The Pelvic Diaphragm

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15
Q

Coccygeus is also known as?

A

Ischiococcygeus

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16
Q

Female pelvic diaphragm permits the passage of what, via what?

A

Permits the passage of the urethra, vagina, and rectum via the urogenital hiatus

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17
Q

Male pelvic diaphragm permits the passage of the what, via what?

A

Permits the passage of the urethra and rectum via the urogenital hiatus

18
Q

Pelvic Arterial Supply

A

Paired internal iliac arteries and their branches

19
Q

Pelvic Venous Drainage Parallels the Arterial Blood Supply

A

Tributaries of the internal iliac veins

20
Q

How many main arteries enter the lesser pelvis in females vs males?

A

4 main arteries in the lesser pelvis in females, 3 in males

21
Q

These types of arteries deliver the most blood to the lesser pelvis, and they bifurcate into an anterior and a posterior division

A

Paired Internal Iliac Arteries

22
Q

Pelvic Arteries

A
  • Internal Iliac Arteries
  • Paired Ovarian Arteries from the aorta
  • Median Sacral Artery
  • Superior Rectal Arteries
23
Q

Pelvic Veins

A
  • Internal Iliac Veins and their tributaries
  • Superior Rectal Veins (portal venous system)
  • Median Sacral Vein
  • Gonadal Veins
24
Q

Pelvic structures are innervated mainly by?

A

The sacral (S1-S4) and coccygeal spinal nerves and pelvic part of the autonomic nervous system

25
Q

Coccygeal Plexus

A

A small network of nerve fibers formed by the ventral rami of S4 and S5

26
Q

Pudendal Canal

A

A horizontal passageway within the obturator fascia which covers the medial aspect of obturator interns; transmits the internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve: supply the perineum

27
Q

Pudendal Nerve

A

Somatic innervation (S2-S4) to perineal body wall, muscles, genitalia, external anal sphincter and skin of perineum; also carries sympathetics

28
Q

Perineum

A

Diamond-shaped pelvic outlet that lies inferior to the inferior pelvic aperture and is bounded by the pubic symphysis anteriorly, ischial tuberosities laterally, coccyx posteriorly

29
Q

The perineum is subdivided into?

A

A urogenital (UG) triangle and an anal triangle

30
Q

The perineum is bounded superiorly by?

A

Levator ani (pelvic diaphragm) and laterally by obturator internus

31
Q

Superficial Pouch of the Perineum

A

Potential space between the membranous layer of subcutaneous tissue and the perineal membrane

32
Q

Deep Pouch of the Perineum

A

Bounded inferiorly by the perineal membrane and superiorly and laterally by the fascias of the pelvic diaphragm and obturator interns muscles

33
Q

Contents of the Superficial Pouch in Males

A
  • Root (crura and bulb) of the penis and associated muscles
  • Proximal part of spongy urethra
  • Superficial transverse perineal muscles
  • Deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and nerves
34
Q

Contents of the Superficial Pouch in Females

A
  • Clitoris and associated muscles (ischiocavernosus)
  • Bulvs of the vestibule and surrounding muscles (bulbospongiosus)
  • Superficial transverse perineal muscles
  • Greater vestibular gland
35
Q

Contents of the Deep Pouch in Both Sexes

A

Contains parts of the urethra centrally, the inferior part of the external urethral sphincter muscle, and the anterior extensions of the sischioanal fat pads

36
Q

Contents of the Deep Pouch in Males

A
  • Intermediate part of urethra
  • Deep transverse perineal muscles
  • Bulbourethral glands
  • Dorsal neuromuscular structures of the penis
37
Q

Contents of the Deep Pouch in Females

A
  • Proximal part of urethra
  • A mass of smooth muscle
  • Dorsal neurovasculature of the…….
38
Q

Urogenital Diaphragm

A

The muscles within the deep perineal pouch plus the perineal membrane

39
Q

Ischioanal Fossa

A

A fat filled, wedge-shaped region surrounding the rectum and anus; located primarily in the anal triangle between the skin of the anal region and the pelvic diaphragm

40
Q

Neurovascular Contents of the Ischioanal Fossa

A

Inferior anal/rectal vessels and nerves and cutaneous branches of the sacral plexus

41
Q

Disruption of Perineal Body

A

In women, it provides the final support for the pelvis viscera; if damaged prolapse of the pelvic viscera may occur

Human Anatomy (14 decks)

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