Abdomen, pelvis and perineum Flashcards
Wall layers of the anterior abdomen (8)
Skin
Superficial fascia (camper-fatty; and Scarpa-fibrous)
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Trasnversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal connective tissue
Parietal peritoneum
three flat abdominal muscles (superficial to deepest)
External abdominal oblique muscle
Internal abdominal oblique muscle
Transversus abdominis muscle
from which abdominal layer comes the gonad?
Extraperitoneal connective tissue
Layers of spermatic fasciae (external to deepest)
External spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle and fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
External spermatic fascia comes from
External oblique fascia
Cremaster muscle and fascia come from
Internal oblique fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
Transversalis fascia
Innervation of the anterior abdominal wall
ventral primary rami of the Lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves + iliphfpogastric + ilioinguinal branches of L1
Arterial blood supply of the anterior wall
superior epigastric branch of the internal thoracic artery + inferior epigastric + deep circumflex iliac branches
The testicular artery is branch of the..
Abdominal aorta
What assists in the regulation of the temperature of the testis?
Pampiniform venus plexus
3 fascial components that surround the spermatic cord
- External spermatic fascia (external oblique)
- Middle or cremasteric muscle and fascia (internal oblique)
- Internal spermatic fascia (trasversali fascia)
Which muscle helps regulate the thermal environment of the testis?
Cremasteric muscle
Lymphatic drainage of the testis
aortic nodes
Superior border of inguinal canal
External abdominal oblique muscle +
Transversus abdominis muscle
anterior border of inguinal canal
Aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique + internal oblique
Inferior border of inguinal canal
Inguinal ligament + lacunar ligament
Posterior border of inguinal canal
Trasversalis fascia + conjoint tendon
Hernia lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
Indirect
Hernia medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
Direct
Hernia found within the spermatic cord
Indirect
Hernia found on the surface of spermatic cord
direct
layers of the indirect hernia
3 spermatic layers (external, cremaster, and internal)
layers of the direct hernia
external layer of the spermatic fascia
Components of the Inguinal Triangle (Hesselbach)
- Inguinal ligament (inferior border)
- Rectus abdominis muscle (medial border)
- Inferior epigastric vessels (lateral border)
What causes a congenital indirect inguinal hernia?
Persistent process vaginalis
What causes hydrocele in a new born?
A persistent process vaginalis - liquid from the perineum enters the scrotum
Lymphatic nodes of the penis and scrotum
Superficial Inguinal lymph nodes
What causes varicocele?
Blood collects in the pampiniform venous plexus
Which one disappears when the patient lays down? Varicocele or hydrocele?
Varicocele
Artery from the foregut
Celiac
Artery from the midgut
Superior mesenteric
Artery from the hindgut
inferior mesenteric
Parasympatic innervation of the foregut
Vagus nerves
Parasympathetic innervation of midgut
Vagus Nerves
Parasympathetic innervation of hindgut
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
sympathetic innervation of the foregut
Preganglionic: thoracic splanchnic nerves t5-t9
Postanglionic : celiac ganglion
sympathetic innervation of the midgut
Preganglionic: thoracic splanchnic nerves t9-t12
Postganglionic: superior mesenteric ganglion
sympathetic innervation of the hindgut
Preganglionic: Lumbar splanchnic nerves L1-L2
Postganglionic: inferior mesenteric ganglion
Referred pain of the foregut
Epigastrium
Referred pain of the midgut
Umbilical
Referred pain of the hindgut
Hypogastrium
The esophagus comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
foregut
The stomach comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
foregut
The duodenum (first and second parts) comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
foregut
The liver comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
foregut
The pancreas comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
foregut
The Biliary apparatus comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
foregut
The gallbladder comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
foregut
The duodenum (second, third and fourth parts) comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
midgut
The jejunum comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
midgut
The ileum comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
midgut
The cecum comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
midgut
The appendix comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
midgut
The ascending colon comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
midgut
The transverse colon (proximal two thirds) comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
midgut
The transverse colon (distal third) comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
hindgut
The descending colon comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
hindgut
The sigmoid colon comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
hindgut
The rectum comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
hindgut
The anal canal (above pectinate line) comes from which division of the primitive gut tube
hindgut
Is the stomach major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major intraperitoneal organ
Are the liver and gallbladder major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major intraperitoneal organs
Is the duodenum (1st part) major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major intraperitoneal organ
Is the spleen major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major intraperitoneal organ
Is the tail of pancreas major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major intraperitoneal organ
Is the jejunum major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major intraperitoneal organ
Is the ileum major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major intraperitoneal organ
Is the appendix major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major intraperitoneal organ
Is the transverse colon major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major intraperitoneal organ
Is the sigmoid colon major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major intraperitoneal organ
Is the duodenum (2nd and 3rd parts) major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major secondary retroperitoneal organ
Is the head, neck and body of the pancreas major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major secondary retroperitoneal organ
Is the ascending colon major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major secondary retroperitoneal organ
Is the descending colon major inter peritoneal organ, major secondary retroperitoneal organ or major primary retroperitoneal organ?
major secondary retroperitoneal organ