Civil Rights

Question 1

what desegregated schools and when

Answer 1

-Brown v Topeka 1954
-declared Plesy v Ferguson inherently unequal

Question 2

between 1956-7 how many AA were in desegregated schools compared to segregated

Answer 2

300,000 desegregated
240,000 segregated

Question 3

give an example of opposition to Brown v Topeka 1954

Answer 3

-Arkansas closed down all public schools to stop desegregation

Question 4

give 3 examples at notable attempts at desegregation from 1950s-70s

Answer 4

-1957 Little Rock 8 students
-1960 Ruby Bridges
-1974 Boston bussing

Question 5

what happened at Little Rock and when

Answer 5

-1954; 8 students tried to attend school in Little Rock met with state troops to prevent it
-Ike had to send 1000 troops against the state troops

Question 6

what happened to Ruby Bridges and when

Answer 6

-1960; little girl went to school, only girl in class
-threatened with death and poisoning

Question 7

what happened with the Boston bussing and when

Answer 7

-1974; tried to bus white kids and AA kids to diff schools
-started riots

Question 8

give 4 arguments for why desegregation of schools was unsuccessful

Answer 8

-no set time limit, south slow to respond
-KKK recruitment rose dramatically after 1955
-north still segregated through diff neighbourhood wealth divide
-lack of presidential support, Ike opted for slow desegregation

Question 9

who was Emmet Till and what happened to him

Answer 9

-14 yo boy accused of flirting with a white woman in south
-tortured and killed
-open casket funeral held in North to raise awareness to journalists

Question 10

what was the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 10

-year long bus boycott in Alabama started by Joanne Robinson and a group of black women after Rose Parks arrest

Question 11

what did MLK find and what tactics did they use

Answer 11

-SCLC / Southern Christian Leadership Conference
-non violent tactics

Question 12

what happened in Birmingham Alabama and when (3)

Answer 12

-1963; SCLC organise protest against segregation
-leaders arrested so children/ 1000 students march instead
-Bull Connor reacted violently so Kennedy sent 3000 troops to force desegregation

Question 13

what impact did Birmingham Alabama 1963 have on CR

Answer 13

-more sympathy due to media shared images of children being brutalised
-same year Kennedy passes CR Bill

Question 14

what happened at the March on Washington and when (3)

Answer 14

-1963; combination of different civil rights groups eg NAACP, SCLC, CORE
-MLK I have a dream speech
-200,000 marched

Question 15

what were sit ins, give an example

Answer 15

-4 black students sat in an all white restaurant and refused to react to violence ; Feb 1960

Question 16

give a stat that shows the impact of sit ins

Answer 16

-in Feb 1960 54 sit-ins in 15 cities in 9 states

Question 17

what were freedom rides and when were they

Answer 17

-1961; CORE + group of AA and white civil rights activists launched freedom rides to test SC enforcement of desegregation on interstate buses and rail stations

Question 18

what was Malcolm X apart of and what were his tactics

Answer 18

-Nation of Islam
-violent revolution, by any means necessary
-black people should rule themselves and focus on improving their race

Question 19

who founded the term Black Power

Answer 19

-Stokley Carmichael

Question 20

why were black people frustrated by the CR Act/NAACP

Answer 20

-did not help economically, not enforced
-NAACP could not relate to ppl in North/ghettos

Question 21

what riots occurred 1964-72 and what resulted from them

Answer 21

-Ghetto riots
-250 deaths
-60,000 arrests

Question 22

when were the Black Panthers founded

Answer 22

1966

Question 23

what did the Black Panthers advocate for

Answer 23

-10 point plan to economically empower black communities eg AA history taught, end police brutality
-freedom of all incarcerated black men, exemption from military service and a black only vote for CR matters