Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

🤯🔫 > Multicellular Organisms > Flashcards

Multicellular Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

What does equator mean

A

The middle of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a chromatid

A

A chromosome that is a single strand that will form a full chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a spindle fibre

A

A protein structure that divides the genetic material of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does mitosis do

A

Provides new cells for growth, repair of damaged tissues and replacement of dead or damaged cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does mitosis do for chromosomes

A

Mitosis maintains the diploid chromosome complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many sets of chromosomes do diploid cells have

A

2 matching sets of chromosomes which are replicated during mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of stem cells are in animals

A

Unspecialised cells which can divide in order to self renew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can stem cells do

A

They have the potential to become different types of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are stem cells involved in

A

Growth and repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where can stem cells be obtained from

A

Unspecialised stem cells are found in The embryo at a very early stage
And tissue stem cells are found throughout the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the specialisation of cells lead to

A

The formation of variety cells, tissues and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are groups of organs called

A

Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the requirements of a multi-cellular organism

A

•more than one cell type
•are made of tissues and organs
•organs do different functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the cell hierarchy

A

Cell—>tissues—>organs—->systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are diploid cells

A

They have two matching sets of chromosomes, which is replicated during mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a response to stimuli

A

Rapid action from a muscle or a slower response from a gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is in the Central Nervous System CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum Cerebellum Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the three types of neurons

A

Sensory inter motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can receptors do

A

Detect sensory input/stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do electrical impulses carry

A

Messages along synapses
Which chemicals transfer these messages along neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do sensory neurons pass

A

Information to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do the senses process information that requires response

A

Inter neurons operate within the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which neuron enables a effector response (muscle or gland response)

A

Motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do reflexes do

A

Protect the body from harm

26
Q

What is the cerebrum responsible for

A

Thoughts and memories

27
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for

A

Balance and co-ordination

28
Q

What is the medulla responsible for

A

Breathing and heart-rate

29
Q

What is the stimuli to response chain

A

Stimuli»>receptor»>sensory neuron»>inter neuron»>motor neuron»>effector»>response

30
Q

What does the Endocrine Gland do

A

Releases hormones into the bloodstream

31
Q

What role does hormones play

A

Chemical messengers

32
Q

What does a target tissue have that ensures that only the target tissue will be affected

A

Complementary receptor proteins for specific hormones

33
Q

What is the role of insulin

A

To remove glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen in the liver

34
Q

What does the pancreas produce

A

The hormone glucagon when glucose levels are low

35
Q

What does the pancreas control

A

The conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver

36
Q

When blood glucose levels are low what does the pancreas do

A

Releases glucagon which converts the stored glycogen back into glucose

37
Q

Most cells are diploid what isn’t and what is it called

A

Gametes are haploid cells

38
Q

What is the sperm

A

Male gamete

39
Q

What is the egg

A

Female gamete

40
Q

What is fertilisation

A

It’s the fusion of the nuclei of the two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, diving to make an embryo

41
Q

What is discrete variation

A

It shows distinct clear cut differences which enables a population to be divided into two or more groups e.g eye colour

42
Q

What is continuous variation

A

Shows a range of values which can usually be measured
E.g height, weight- it is poly gene inheritance

43
Q

What are Alleles

A

They are different forms of the same gene e.g red flower or white flower

44
Q

What is the genotype

A

It is the alleles it carries for that particular characteristic

45
Q

What is the phenotype

A

It is what the organism looks like

46
Q

If both alleles are the same in the genotype of an organism it is

A

Homozygous (tt or TT)

47
Q

If the alleles are different in the genotype of the organism it is

A

Heterozygous (Tt or tT)

48
Q

What is used to explain inheritance

A

Punnett squares

49
Q

What process is fertilisation

A

Random

50
Q

What are the plant organs

A

Roots stems and leaves

51
Q

What are the parts of the leaf

A

Upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, vein(consists xylem,phloem) lower epidermis, guard cells and stomata

52
Q

How is water transported in the plant

A

Water and minerals enter the plant through the root hairs and are transported in dead xylem vessels

53
Q

What quality to xylem cells have

A

They are lignified to withstand the pressure changes as water moves through the plant

54
Q

What are the limiting factors of transpiration

A

Wind speed, humidity, and temperature

55
Q

What are the 5 types of proteins

A

•structural
•hormones
•antibodies
•enzyme
•receptor

56
Q

Continuous variation is

A

A trait that can be put into a range of values

57
Q

Discrete variation is

A

When the population can be put into distinct groups

58
Q

What is a phagocyte

A

Detects pathogens which then engulfs the pathogen then digesting it using enzymes

59
Q

What are lymphocytes

A

They produce antibodies which destroy pathogens.

60
Q

What are pathogens

A

A pathogen is a disease causing micro organisms such as bacteria viruses or fungi

🤯🔫 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions