unequal struggle

Question 1

Why did the Persian ships turn towards Athens after the defeat at Marathon?

Answer 1

The defeat at Marathon marked the end of the first Persian invasion of Greece, and the Persian force retreated to Asia.

Question 2

Who succeeded Darius as King of Kings of Persia?

Answer 2

Xerxes

Question 3

What were Darius’s highest officials called?

Answer 3

satrap

Question 4

What is the Marathon Run?

Answer 4

ancient Greek messenger who raced from the site of Marathon to Athens, a distance of about 40 kilometers, or nearly 25 miles, with the news of an important Greek victory over an invading army of Persians in 490 B.C. After making his announcement

Question 5

What did Darius build to carry his orders to the furthest parts of his kingdom?

Answer 5

Royal Road

Question 6

How many Spartans and their allies were killed in the battle at Thermopylae?

Answer 6

300 Spartans

Question 7

How did the Athenians manage to defeat the Persians despite being vastly outnumbered?

Answer 7

Their strategy involved holding a line only a few dozen yards long between a steep hillside and the sea.

Question 8

Who led the Athenians to victory at the Battle of Marathon

Answer 8

Miltiades the Younger

Question 9

Who was the ruler of the Persians who led his band of horsemen to conquer Babylon?

Answer 9

Cyrus II

Question 10

Darius was a great king who governed the vast Persian empire in such a way that nothing happened anywhere that he himself had not decreed. His highest officials … were spied on by informers known as

Answer 10

satraps

Question 11

What ultimately can be said that made the Athenians succeed over the Persians?

Answer 11

The Greeks crushed the weaker Persian foot soldiers by routing the wings before turning towards the centre of the Persian line

Question 12

Why did the Persian king want to destroy Athens and conquer Greece?

Answer 12

The Persian king Darius the Great vowed to have revenge on Athens and Eretria

Question 13

Why did Themistocles warn his fellow citizens that Athens needed a fleet?

Answer 13

a Greek navy that could hope to face up to the Persian navy, and he therefore attempted to persuade the Athenians to build such a fleet.

Question 14

Which pass did the Spartans try to block the Persian advance in?

Answer 14

pass of Thermopylae

Question 15

How did the Persian king react to the rebellion of the Ionian Greeks?

Answer 15

Darius vowed to punish Athens and Eretria for their support of the revolt.

Question 16

What did the Spartans reply when the Persians ordered them to throw down their weapons and threatened them with their arrows at Thermopylae?

Answer 16

“come and take them

Question 17

Why did the Athenians support the Ionian Greeks in their rebellion against the Persian king?

Answer 17

Athens was a powerful city-state with a large navy. He met with the Athenian leaders and convinced him to support the Ionian Revolt.

Question 18

Where did the Athenians evacuate to when Themistocles had them evacuated?

Answer 18

Themistocles had persuaded the Athenians to evacuate women and children to the Peloponnese and, in the last resort, to retire to Salamis.

Question 19

How did Xerxes respond to the destruction of the bridge made of boats?

Answer 19

He punished the engineers of the failed bridge by beheading them

Question 20

What was the reason for the rebellion of the Greek colonies against the Persian king?

Answer 20

dissatisfaction of the Greek cities of Asia Minor with the tyrants appointed by Persia to rule them

Question 21

Who were the mountain people who lived north of Mesopotamia and worshipped light and the sun?

Answer 21

Persian

Question 22

What was the first act of Cyrus after he became lord of Babylon?

Answer 22

Jewish exiles to return to their homes

Question 23

What was the significance of the Persian conquest of Egypt?

Answer 23

it was the largest empire in the world.

Question 24

What was Themistocles’ plan to ensure victory against Xerxes’ fleet?

Answer 24

promising to defect once battle was joined and attack the other Greeks with the whole Athenian fleet.

Question 25

But cyrus son, __________ succeeded him after he died on his way to conquer Egypt.

Answer 25

cambyses