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bacteriology > gram neg bacilli > Flashcards

gram neg bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

liseria monocytogenes

A

only species considered to be of public health significance
-food borne pathogen
-culture for ID
-ELISA or PCR
-CAMP reaction
-infects cold foods

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2
Q

listeria seeligeri and ivanovii

A

implicated in humans on rare occassions

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3
Q

l. monocytogenes morphology

A

-large, gram pos
-motile rod
-over 200 strains

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4
Q

genus lactobacillus

A

lactic acid production
-vagina, intestinal tract, and mouth
-make yogurt, pickles

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5
Q

genus listeria

A

contaminates dairy products
-survives in phagocytic cells
-infection in preg woman can cause stillbirth or fetal damage

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6
Q

invasvie listeriosis

A

-preg, >65, immunocompromised
-1-4 weeks after infection
-food poisoning like symptoms

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7
Q

listeria transmission

A

-facultative anaerobe
-acid but not gas producing from glucose
-psychrotroph

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8
Q

listeria growth characteristics

A

-resistant to NaCl
-tolerate low pH
-not inhibited by CO2
-can survive freezing and drying
-ideal is chocolate agar, will grow on blood

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9
Q

listeria pathogenesis

A

-listeriolysin O to degrade the vesicles and go into the cytosol
-ActA to initiate massive actin polymerization to form actin rockets to go into nearby cells
-starts in GI tract and spreads to liver and spleen leading to dissemination

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10
Q

CAMP

A

distinguish strep agalactiae from other beta hemolytic streps

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11
Q

reverse CAMP

A

-pos group B strep streaked again c. perfringens
-bow tie zone of hemolysis

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12
Q

lecithinase test

A

-egg yolk agar
-pos: white, opaque zones extending into the medium surrounding colonies
-neg: absence of pos reaction

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13
Q

positive lecithinase orgs

A

-c. perfringens
-l. monocytogenes
-psuedo aeruginosa
-s. aureus

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14
Q

l. monocytogenes ID

A

-round, smooth, translucent colonies
-narrow zone of beta hemolysis
-colonies give blue-green color under reflective light
-catalase pos
-VP pos

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15
Q

enterobacteriaceae

A

-small, straight rods
-gram neg
-soil, water, human/animal bowels
-spore forming
-motile (except shigella, klebsiella & yersinia)
-facultative anaerobe
-oxidase neg
-catalase pos
-glucose ferment
-nitrate reduction
-ferments carbs (anaerobic pathway)

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16
Q

catalase pos organisms

A

-staph
-nocardia
-pseudomonas
-listeria
-aspergillus
-candida
-e. coli

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17
Q

e. coli pathogenicity

A

-most prevalent enteric bacillus
-aerobic and non-fastidious
-pathogenic strains frequent agents of infantile diarrhea & neonatal meningitis/septicemia

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18
Q

e. coli virulence

A

-adhesions. pili or fimbriae
-capsule
-iron capturing ability
-outer membrane proteins
-O, H, K antigens
-K1 strong association with meningitis in neonates
-O & H characterize EHEC strains (O157 : H7)

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19
Q

e. hermannii

A

-yellow pigmentation, isolated from CSF, wounds and blood

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20
Q

e. vulneris

A

wounds

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21
Q

enterotoxigenic e. coli

A

severe diarrhea due to heat-labile toxin and heat-stable toxin.
-stimulate secretion and fluid loss
-has fimbriae

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22
Q

enteroinvasive e. coli

A

causes inflammatory disease of large intestine

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23
Q

enteropathogenic e. coli

A

linked to wasting form infantile diarrhea

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24
Q

enterohemorrhagic e. coli

A

O157 : H7
-hemorrhagic syndrome and kidney damage
-shiga toxin producing e. coli

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25
Q

benchtop e. coli ID

A

-grey, beta hemolytic colonies
-short gram neg bacilli
-lactose fermentation on MAC
-spot indole pos
-pink on MAC, not pink on MAC w/ sorbitol ( O157 : H7)
-ferments glucose, lactose, trehalose, and xylose
-indole & methyl red pos
-does not produce H2S (urea neg)
-simmons citrate neg
-motile
-VP neg
-oxidase pos

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26
Q

aerobic non fermenters

A

-pseudo aeruginosa
-burkholderia cepacia
-stentrophomonas maltophilia

-opportunistic pathogens
-obligate aerobes
-do not ferment sugars
-motile
-oxidase pos

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27
Q

pseudo aeruginosa

A

-grape like odor
-bluish-green due to pyocyanin & fluorescein
-oil eating bacteria, refuse to die

-hospital infections, VAP immunocompromised pts, multi antibiotic resistance (pen, ampi, ceftriaxone, etrapenem)

28
Q

pseudo aeruginosa characteristics

A

-gram neg rods
-motile
-obligate aerobes
-oxidase/catalase pos
-non fermenter (glucose oxidatively)
-beta hemolytic

29
Q

pseudo flourescences

A

-pyocyanin production on pseudocel agar
-oxidase pos
-alk/alk
-pyocyanin production

30
Q

pseudo stutzeri

A

-flat wrinkled yellow pigmented colonies on BA
-oxidase pos
-dextrose oxidizer
-alk/alk
-motile
-citrate pos
-nitrate pos

31
Q

pseudo putida

A

-pyocyanin on pseudocel agar
-oxidase pos
-alk/alk
-pyocyanin production

32
Q

pseudo diseases

A

-nosocomial infections
-folliculitis
-otitis externa
-eye infections
-endocarditis
-ecthyma gangrenosum: hemorrhagic lesions w/ disseminated infections, elastase production by aeruginosa
-pneumonia in CF pts

33
Q

shigella

A

-gram neg
-non motile
-non lactose fermenter
-parasite of human digestive tract
-infective dose is low
-diarrhea-inducing enterotoxin
-cause a server form of dysentery (shigellosis)

34
Q

s. dysenteriae

A

produce a more serious disease than other species

35
Q

s. flexneri

A

most commonly isolated in developing countries

36
Q

s. boydii & sonnei

A

cause a mild form of diarrhea, pts are ambulatory

37
Q

shigellosis

A

-localized to intestines with formation of micro-absecesses in wall of large intestine and terminal ileum leading to superficial ulceration
-highly transmissable
-dysnteriae produces an exotoxin which acts as an enterotoxin & neurotoxin

38
Q

presumptive ID of salmonella

A

-grey white colonies on BA, lactose on MAC
-H2S pos (black on HE)
-lysine decarboxylase pos
-citrate pos = non typhi
-citrate neg = typhi

39
Q

yersinia enterocolitica

A

bacteria enter small intestine, lymph inflammation, survive in phagocytes. mimics appendicitis
-grey white entire colonies on BA
-non lactose fermentation on MAC
-alk/acid
-indole pos
-citrate neg
-urea pos

40
Q

presumptive shigella ID

A

-non pigmented colonies on MAC
-inert to most biochemicals
-ornithine decarboxylase pos

41
Q

presumptive ID of yersinia enterocolitica

A

-grey, white entire colonies on BA
-non lactose fermentation on MAC
-alk/acid
-indole pos
-citrate neg
-urea pos

42
Q

presumptive ID of serratia marcescens

A

grey entire colonies on MAC
-non lactose fermenting
-red colonies on MAC
-DNase pos
-motility pos
only clinically significant one

43
Q

common enterobacteriaceae considered opportunistic pathogens

A

e. coli
proteus
enterobacter
klebsiella
citrobacter
serratia

44
Q

non motile enterobacters

A

klebsiella
shigella
yersinia

45
Q

klebsiella overview

A

capsule, adhesions & iron capturing ability
-causes pneumonia & permanent lung damage
-alcoholics at risk

-gram neg, nonspore forming
-nonmotile
-ferment lactose
-urease pos
-prominent capsule
-indole pos
-capsule

46
Q

presumptive ID of klebsielle pneumoniae

A

smooth convex mucois colonies on BA
-lactose ferments on MAC
-indole neg
-urease, citrate, VP pos

47
Q

bulkholderia cepacia

A

-opportunistic in CF pts
-extremely drug resistant

48
Q

ID of burkholderia pseudomallei

A

-buff yellow wrinkled colonies on BA
-pink on MAC
-yellow on spot swab
-oxidative use of carbs

49
Q

bulkholdera pseudomallei ID

A

-buff yellow wrinkled colonies on BA
-pink on MAC
-yellow on colony swab
-of carbs
-arginine pos
-nitrite reduction

50
Q

bulkholderia cepacia

A

same as all others
-non fermenter
-lysine pos
-maltose sucrose pos

51
Q

moraxella ID

A

-grows on chocolate & blood
-gram neg cocci or short coccobacilli
-asacchorolytic for carbs
-oxidase, catalase, DNase pos
-nitrite reduce

52
Q

acinetobacter baumannii

A

-white entire opaque convex colonies on BA
-entire smooth to wrinkled colonies on MAC
-gram neg coccobacilli
-oxidase neg
ferments glucose and lactose
-can be extremely drug resistant

53
Q

moraxella diseases

A

sinunitis
bronchopneumonia
endocarditis
meningitis

54
Q

ID of aeromonas sobria

A

-small opaque grey white & beta hemolytic on BA
-entire smooth pink on MAC
-DNase pos
-oxidase pos
-indole pos
-lysine & arginine pos
-acid from sucrose, arabinose & mannitol

55
Q

aeromonas syndromes

A

GI diseases
-chronic diarrhea in adults
-shigella with blood & wbc in stool in children
-wound infections
-opportunistic in immunocompromised

56
Q

ID of plesiomonas shigelloides

A

grey-yellow entire smooth colonies on choc & BA
-DNase neg
-indole pos
-oxidase pos
-lysine, arginine, ornithine pos
-acid from glucose & inositol

57
Q

vibrio cholerae virulence factors

A

-cholera toxin
-toxin coregulated pilus
-adhesion factor
-accessory cholera enterotoxin
-neuraminidase
-zonnula occludens toxin

58
Q

vibrio cholerae ID

A

smooth entire creamy grey-yellow colonies on BA
-yellow colonies on TCBS
-short gram neg bacilli
-flagellar stain: small plump gram neg with single polar flagella
-ONPG pos
-lysine, ornithine decarboxylase pos
-indole pos
-acid from glucose and sucrose

59
Q

campylobacter jejuni

A

-slow growing at 37, best at 42, no growth at 25
-slender gram neg bacilli, spiral
-indoxyl acetate pos
-hippurate pos
-naladixic acid

60
Q

campy upsalinesis ID

A

-entire convex smooth yellow colonies
-curves spiral yellow bacilli in fluorescent stain
-indoxyl pos
-hippurate neg
-nitrate pos

61
Q

campy coli ID

A

-curved spiral yellow bacilli in fluorescent stain
-indoxyl pos
-hippurate neg
-nitrate pos

grows at 25

62
Q

campy jejuni

A

-curved gram neg rods
-microaerophilic
-grows at 42
-oxidase pos
-bipolar flagella

63
Q

salmonellas

A

-motile
-does not ferment lactose
-produces H2S

64
Q

pathogenesis of salmonella

A

-invade host cells and survive in macros
-SPI-1: inject salmonella invasion proteins into M cells
-SPI-2: involved in systemic infection
-resistant to stomach acid and phagosomes

65
Q

h. pylori

A

-gram neg bacilli
-fastidious growth requirements
-require CO2 for growth
-charcoal medium
-unipolar flagella

66
Q

h. pylori ID

A

pinpoint grey colonies on BA or choc
-small curves slightly plump gram pos bacilli
-catalase pos
-oxidase pos
-urease pos

bacteriology (2 decks)

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