C2(The Periodic Table) Flashcards
What was John newlands periodic table
What was Mendeleev’s periodic table
In 1869, he arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic weights and the properties of the elements and their compounds. This meant that his table:
-had gaps in it
-showed elements with similar chemical properties lined up in groups
-However, from their atomic weights, some pairs of elements next to each other were in the wrong order.
What do atoms of metals and non metals tend to do
-The atoms of metals tend to lose electrons
-The atoms of non metals tend to gain electrons
What are the elements in group 1 and 2
-Reactive metals and they react vigorously with other elements and with water
-They are all soft
What are elements between group 2 and 3
-Transition elements
-This block contains metals that are not very reactive for example like gold and silver which are very unreactive
What are the elements in group 3 to 7
-Noble gases
-These elements have low melting and boiling points and many are liquids or gases at room temperature and pressure
What are the elements in group 0
-Nobel gases
-These non metal elements are very unreactive due to their stable electron arrangements Therefore making it very difficult to get them to combine with other elements
What are alkali metals and their properties
-The elements in group 1
-Their melting and boiling points decrease going down the group
-the metals all react with water to produce hydrogen and an alkaline solution containing metal hydroxide
-they form 1+ ions in reactions to make ionic compounds
-the reactivity of the alkali metals increases going down the group
What are halogens and their properties
-elements in group 7
-they have a low melting and boiling point, their melting and boiling points increase going down the group
-they are poor conductors of heat and electricity
-form covalent compounds by sharing electrons with other non-metals
-a more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen
-The reactivity of the halogens decreases going down the group
What are the trends in group 1 and group 7 elements
-Reactivity increases in group 1 going down because the atoms get larger so the single electron in the outermost shell is attracted less strongly to the positive nucleus
-Reactivity decreases in group 7 going down because the outermost shell’s electrons get further away from the attractive force of the nucleus so it’s harder to attract and gain electrons
What are transition metals and their properties
-Higher melting points and densities
-They are stronger and harder but less reactive
-A transition element can form ions with different charges
-The transition elements do no react vigorously with oxygen or water
