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1st Sem to 2nd Sem Biology > Lesson 3: Cells (Incomplete) > Flashcards

Lesson 3: Cells (Incomplete) Flashcards

1
Q

Microscopic structures, the smallest unit of life that can function independently

A

Cell

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2
Q

First person to see cells, viewed them through a crude lens in late seventeenth century

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

Robert Hooke initiated a new field of science

A

Cell Biology

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4
Q

They used their observations of many different plant and animal cells to formulate the cell theory, What Year?

A

German Biologists Mathias J. Schleiden and Theodor Schwann (1839)

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5
Q

He added that all cells come from preexisting cells

A

Rudolf Virchow

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6
Q

Ideal for generating true-color views of living and preserved cells

A

Light Microscope

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7
Q

Uses two or more lenses to focus visible light through a specimen and can magnify up to 1600 times

A

Compound Microscope

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8
Q

Enhances resolution by focusing light through a lens to the object

A

Confocal Microscope

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9
Q

Sends a beam of electrons through a very thin slice of specimen

A

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

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10
Q

Scans beam of electrons over a metal coated, three dimensional specimen, lower resolution then TEM

A

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

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11
Q

Builds proteins

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

The interface between the cell and the outside environment

A

Cell Membrane

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13
Q

Fluid portion included in the Cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

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14
Q

Specialized compartments of complex cell

A

Organelles

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15
Q

Studied key molecules in many cell types and in what year?

A

Carl Woese (1977)

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16
Q

Area where DNA occurs

A

Nucleoid

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17
Q

Consists of a phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acids

A

Phospholipid

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18
Q

Transport proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer create passageways through which substances pass into or out the cell

A

Transport Proteins

19
Q

These proteins facilitate chemical reaction that otherwise would proceed too slowly to sustain life

A

Enzymes

20
Q

Carbohydrates attached to cell surface proteins serve as “name tags” to be recognized

A

Recognition Proteins

21
Q

Enables cells to stick with one another

A

Adhesion Proteins

22
Q

Bind molecules outside the cell and trigger to response inside the cell

A

Receptor Proteins

23
Q

Inner compartment of the ER, ribosomes give a roughed appearance

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

24
Q

Synthesizes lipids, detoxify drugs and poisons

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

25
Q

Stack of flat, membrane enclosed sacs that functions as a processing center

A

Golgi Apparatus

26
Q

Eukaryotic cell degrades wastes and digests nutrients

A

Lysosomes

27
Q

Degrades wastes, exerts turgor pressure, and stores acids and pigments

A

Vacuole

28
Q

Helps digest fatty acids and detoxify many substances

A

Peroxisomes

29
Q

House the reactions of cellular respiration to extract needed energy from food

A

Mitochondria

30
Q

Folder inner membrane of a mitochondrion

A

Cristae

31
Q

Uses solar energy to make food

A

Chloroplasts

32
Q

Enzyme-rich fluid enclosed by two outer membrane layers

A

Stroma

33
Q

This is where photosynthetic pigments are embedded

A

Thylakoid Membranes

34
Q

Network of protein rods and tubules providing cell with form, support, and movement

A

Cytoskeleton

35
Q

Thinnest components of the cytoskeleton composed of protein actin

A

Microfilaments

36
Q

Consists of various proteins that strengthen the cytoskeleton

A

Intermediate Filaments

37
Q

Hollow tubes made of tubulin subunits forming an internal trackway that separate chromosomes during cell division

A

Microtubules

38
Q

Organizes microtubules in animal cells

A

Centrosomes

39
Q

Short numerous extensions

A

Cilia

40
Q

Less numerous but longer extensions

A

Flagella

41
Q

Pores that extend through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells

A

Plasmodesmata

42
Q

Fuses animal cells together forming an impermeable between them

A

Tight Junction

43
Q

Connect animal cells to its neighbors or to extracellular matrix

A

Anchoring Junction

44
Q

Channel that links the cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells which allows the exchange of ions, nutrients, and other molecules

A

Jap Junction

1st Sem to 2nd Sem Biology (6 decks)

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