Water and Atmosphere

Question 1

Which of the following rocks are formed from molten material?

Answer 1

Igneous

Question 2

Which of the following rocks is igneous?

Answer 2

granite, which has visible, well-shaped crystals, no banding, and no fossils

Question 3

Nitrogen in the soil helps plants grow, but nitrogen can also be a pollutant. Which of the following cycles interacts with the nitrogen cycle to make it into a pollutant?

Answer 3

Water cycle

Question 4

Three seismometers are spread around the Earth. After an earthquake, what might scientists use these to locate?

Answer 4

Epicenter

Question 5

Which of the following is a metamorphic rock?

Answer 5

Schist

Question 6

Which of the following processes occurs when water in a river slows and drops sediments on the riverbanks?

Answer 6

Deposition

Question 7

Which list has the layers of the Earth in the correct order, from center outward?

Answer 7

Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

Question 8

Greenhouse gases, released as a side-effect of modern urbanization and industrialization, have what effect on Earth’s climate?

Answer 8

They increase the amount of solar radiation in the atmosphere

Question 9

Which of the following conditions is not required for the formation of a fossil?

Answer 9

The soft body tissue must be preserved

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the carbon cycle?

Answer 10

Carbon may become part of sedimentary rock and enter the rock cycle.

Question 11

Which of the following activities can contribute to an increase in the carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere?

I. the burning of fossil fuels

II. volcanic activity

III. condensation

Answer 11

l and ll

Question 12

Which of the following takes place at a transform plate boundary?

Answer 12

Adjacent plates move sideways relative to one another.

Question 13

The five components of soil are mineral components, organic material, water, gases, and:

Answer 13

living organisms

Question 14

Which of the following is a primary way carbon dioxide is naturally taken out of the atmosphere?

Answer 14

photosynthesis

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of hotspots on Earth?

Answer 15

They cause volcanic eruptions that form igneous rock.

Question 16

Which of the following rock types will form when a pocket of magma cools slowly, deep under the surface of the Earth?

Answer 16

igneous

Question 17

Which of the following is the name for a very tall, destructive ocean wave that was caused by an underwater earthquake?

Answer 17

tsunami

Question 18

What is the Holocene period?

Answer 18

The current interglacial warming period in the midst of an ice age.

Question 19

Which of the following is one way carbon is returned to the atmosphere?

Answer 19

burning fossil fuels

Question 20

Which of the following rocks is an igneous rock?

Answer 20

Granite

Question 21

Which of the following processes occurs when water seeps into cracks in a rock, freezes, and breaks the rock apart?

Answer 21

Physical weathering

Question 22

The material ejected from a shield volcano is mostly:

Answer 22

Non-viscous Lava

Question 23

Which of the following is not true regarding global warming and climate change?

Answer 23

Temperatures around the world are universally increasing

Question 24

Which of the following statements most accurately describes an igneous rock?

Answer 24

a light, very porous rock with visible holes, grains that are too small to see, and no fossils

Question 25

Why is material in the asthenosphere, the upper mantle, able to flow?

Answer 25

The asthenosphere is a very hot solid that can slowly circulate.

Question 26

Which of the following best describes the lithosphere?

Answer 26

A zone of rigid rock on Earth’s surface that includes the crust and the solid upper part of the mantle.

Question 27

Which of the following best explains how metamorphic rocks are formed?

Answer 27

Rocks are changed by heat, with or without high pressure, deep inside the Earth.

Question 28

Which of the following would be the most appropriate occasion for a scientist to use carbon dating?

Answer 28

to determine the age of a newly-discovered fossil

Question 29

Which of the following statements most likely describes a metamorphic rock?

Answer 29

a rock with wavy bands of minerals that is very hard and has visible crystals

Question 30

Which of the following volcanoes is large and explosive, is built with alternating layers of light-colored rock and ash, and forms near a subduction zone?

Answer 30

stratovolcano

Question 31

An increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on Earth is thought to be responsible for which of the following?

Answer 31

an increase in Earth’s average temperatures

Question 32

Which of the following volcanoes is small and produces light, viscous, granitic lava around the vent of a larger volcano?

Answer 32

Lava dome

Question 33

Which of the following human activities is least likely to alter the environment?

Answer 33

Over watering the lawn

Question 34

Which type of rock is formed when magma cools very slowly?

Answer 34

Intrusive igneous rock

Question 35

The earth is divided into four distinct layers. Which layer is composed of very hot, liquid material?

Answer 35

Outer core

Question 36

There are three different types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Over time, each of these rock types can be transformed into one of the other rock types. For example, if limestone which is a type of sedimentary rock is exposed to high heat, it can be transformed into marble, which is a metamorphic rock.

This process of rocks changing from one form into another form is typically referred to as:

Answer 36

Rock cycle

Question 37

Which of the following is the name for the point inside the earth where an earthquake originates?

Answer 37

Focus