Individual Differences In Memory

Question 1

Paolombo 2012

Answer 1

Schemas and autobiographical memory (episodic)
598 pps survey in autobiographical memory
Found that individuals who scored high or low on episodic also scored high or low on semantic memory
Either have a good or bad memory overal

Question 2

Men

Answer 2

Palombo found men scored higher on spatial memory

Question 3

Depression

Answer 3

Palombo found people self reported in depression scored lower on semantic and episodic memory

Question 4

Dyslexia
AO1

Answer 4

Difficulty reading and speech and manipulating sounds
Problem w STM and phonological awareness
Problems remembering long words

Question 5

Dyslexia
McDougall 1994

Answer 5

90 children into 3 reading ability groups (poor, moderate, good)
Poor readers had lower memory spans for words and slower reading
Good readers articulate words more quickly leading to greate number of words represented phonologically in STM
Poor readers sound words more slowly leading to fewer words being held in STM

Question 6

Dyslexia
Alloway et al 2009

Answer 6

Children w dyslexia have difficulty remembering sounds because of poor WM
Can’t hold all speech sounds long enough in WM to bind them together to form a word
Don’t have WM capacity to store syllables long enough to form a fluent word
46 children aged 6-11 w reading disability
Found they showed Short term WM deficits could be a cause of reading problems

Question 7

Dyslexia
Smith spork 2010

Answer 7

Adults w dyslexia had unimpaired spatial working memory but impaired working memory compared to a control group of non dyslexic pps
Suggests their results indicate a deficit w the phonological loop in dyslexia pps

Question 8

Alzheimer’s
AO1

Answer 8

Progressive degenerative neurological disorder associated w aging
Memory loss, concentration loss, confusion , changes in mood
Impacts certain cognitive systems - memory systems for new events and information
Trouble to recall autobiographical memory from episodic memory
Effects long and short term recall

Question 9

Alzheimer’s
Baddeley 2001

Answer 9

Attentional tests w Alzheimer’s patients and controls
Dual task procedures and looking for Z among distract letters
Alzheimer’s patients performed worse on difficult distractor tasks and even more impaired on dual tasks
Dual attention tasks are specifically impaired by the disease