Unit 8 Exam

Question 1

Alfred Kinsey

Answer 1

researched human sexuality and mating processes. Created the Kinsey scale, on 1-6 scale of your sexuality.

Question 2

Abraham Maslow

Answer 2

Best known for creating “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs” a pyramid of psychological needs ordered based upon their importance.

Question 3

William James

Answer 3

Contributor to the James-Lange Theory, the idea that physical arousal precedes emotional response.

Question 4

Stanley Schachter

Answer 4

Proposer of the idea that emotion is broken into two factors, those being physiological arousal and cognitive labels.

Question 5

Hans Selye

Answer 5

Known for work conducted upon the hypothetical non-specific response of an organism to stressors. Do different organisms respond differently to stressors?

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

tendency for the body to maintain a constant or balanced internal state.

Question 7

The four primary perspectives to explain motivation are:

Answer 7

Instinct Theory, Drive-Reduction Theory, Arousal Theory, Hierarchy of Motives

Question 8

Instinct

Answer 8

complex behaviors that have fixed patterns throughout all members of a species and are not learned,

Question 9

Arousal Theory

Answer 9

Human motivation aims to seek optimum and higher levels of arousal

Question 10

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 10

a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Question 11

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 11

certain physiological and psychological needs have order and more importance with each other.
The respective order is Physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, self-actualization needs.

Question 12

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 12

anorexic person is one who is 25 percent underweight, and continues to starve the self because of the feeling that they are “fat”

Question 13

incentive

Answer 13

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 14

glucose

Answer 14

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues

Question 15

set point

Answer 15

the point at which an individuals “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

Question 16

basal metabolic rate

Answer 16

the body’s restoring rate of energy expenditure

Question 17

bulimia nervosa

Answer 17

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calories foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Question 18

binge-eating disorder

Answer 18

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa

Question 19

sexual response cycle

Answer 19

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Question 20

refractory period

Answer 20

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

Question 21

estrogens

Answer 21

sex hormones such as estradiol, scripted in greater amounts by females than by males contributing to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.

Question 22

testosterone

Answer 22

the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Question 23

sexual orientation

Answer 23

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation).

Question 24

emotion

Answer 24

a response of the whole organism involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors and (3) conscious experience

Question 25

Jame-Lange Theory

Answer 25

the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli. (physical before cognitive response)`

Question 26

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 26

the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion (physical and cognitive responses happen at the same time)

Question 27

Two-Facor Theory

Answer 27

the Schachter-Singer Theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label that arousal. (cognitive labelling of physical responses)

Question 28

polygraph

Answer 28

a machine commonly used in attempts to detect lies that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration, and cardiovascular and breathing changes).

Question 29

facial feedback

Answer 29

the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happinness

Question 30

catharsis

Answer 30

emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges.

Question 31

feel-good, do-good phenomena

Answer 31

people’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

Question 32

well-being

Answer 32

self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life

Question 33

adaptation-level phenomena

Answer 33

our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Question 34

relative deprivation

Answer 34

the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves

Question 35

behavioral medicine

Answer 35

an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease

Question 36

health psychology

Answer 36

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine.

Question 37

stress

Answer 37

the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.

Question 38

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 38

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases-alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 39

coronary heart disease

Answer 39

the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle: the leading cause of death in North America.

Question 40

Type A (people)

Answer 40

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Question 41

Type B (people)

Answer 41

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easy-going relaxed people

Question 42

psychophysiological illness

Answer 42

literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress related physical illness such as hypertensions and some head aches

Question 43

psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Answer 43

the study of how psychological. neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

Question 44

lymphocytes

Answer 44

the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system: B Lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.