b1.3-Respiration Flashcards
b1.3.1-What are carbohydrates, proteins and lipids?
Carbohydrates are polymers made from smaller carbohydrate molecule, proteins are polymers made from amino acids and lipids are the fats and oils you eat. They are also a good store of energy and source of animal insulation.
b1.3.1-How are carbohydrates, proteins and lipids synthesised and broken downs?
Carbohydrates are synthesised from glucose monomers and broken down by carbohydrase enzymes. The order of amino acids is what synthesises proteins and protease enzymes are what break them down. Lipase enzymes are synthesised from three fatty acids and glycerol and lipase enzymes are what break them down.
b1.3.2-What is aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration are chemical reactions used to transfer energy from food stores. The reaction energy transfers energy in glucose to other chemical energy stores for processes in the cell. This energy is ATP.
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
b1.3.2-What is energy produced during respiration used for?
It’s used to synthesise larger molecules from smaller ones to make new cell materials and for movement as animals use ATP to contract muscle cells enabling the organism to move and to stay warm as animals increase rate of reaction to keep their body at a constant temperature.
b1.3.2-Where does aerobic respiration take place?
Aerobic respiration takes place all the time in plant and animal cells providing the organism with a constant supply of energy. Respiration takes place in the mitochondria of a cell and each chemical reaction that takes place during respiration is controlled by a specific enzyme. Respiration is transferred to the surroundings so is exothermic.
b1.3.3-How does anaerobic respiration allow you to respire without oxygen?
When you exercise, your muscles need to transfer more energy than normal when they contract. Anaerobic respiration allows your body to transfer energy from its chemical store in glucose. These reactions don’t need oxygen and allow you to transfer extra energy in short periods.
Glucose -> Lactic Acid
b1.3.3-Why do you normally respire aerobically?
Aerobic respiration produces more ATP molecules per glucose molecule than anaerobic and lactic acid build up from anaerobic can cause cramp. Lactic acid build up also causes pain and a stop in muscles contracting which is fatigue. The extra oxygen you inhale after breathing heavy reacts with lactic acid and the oxygen needed for this is oxygen debt.
b1.3.3-What other processes use anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration takes place in plants and some microorganisms when oxygen isn’t there. It produces ethanol and carbon dioxide instead of lactic acid and this is fermentation.
Fermentation word equation: glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
