4.6 Muscles

Question 1

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscles?

Answer 1

Branched and striated interlaced discs

Question 2

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscles?

Answer 2

Striated and unbranched

Question 3

What are the characteristics of Smooth muscles?

Answer 3

Not striated

Question 4

What does myogenic mean?

Answer 4

Muscles that never tire

Question 5

What are the adaptations of muscles?

Answer 5

Many mitochondria
good blood supply
stores of glycogen
myoglobin

Question 6

What is a sarcolemma?

Answer 6

Cell membrane of a muscle cell

Question 7

What is a sarcoplasm?

Answer 7

cytoplasm of the muscle cell

Question 8

What are microfibrils?

Answer 8

cylindrical packing of muscle fibres

Question 9

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 9

one contractile unit

Question 10

What is the thick microfibril called?

Answer 10

Myosin

Question 11

What is the thin microfibril called?

Answer 11

Actin

Question 12

In a sarcomere what is the light band called?

Answer 12

Z line

Question 13

In a sarcomere what is the Dark band called?

Answer 13

M line

Question 14

What occurs during contraction?

Answer 14

Thin (actin) slides between thick myosin filaments
sarcomere shortens
I band shortens
H zone shortens
A band remains same length

Question 15

What is the process of excitation coupling?

Answer 15

Action potential penetrates whole muscle fibre
Ca channels open in sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ca diffuses into microfibrils and binds to trophin changing its shape
Tropomyosin is stimulated and exposes myosin binding sites on F-actin
Myosin heads from a cross bridge to actin
ADP releases from the head and myosin relaxes and rotates- pulling actin past myosin
ATP joins molecule and breaks the cross bridge

Question 16

What are the characteristics of fast twitch muscle fibres?

Answer 16

Anaerobic
low mitochondria
low Blood vessel density
low myoglobin (Pale colour)
large glycogen stores

Question 17

What leaver system is a bicep curl?

Answer 17

Third

Question 18

What leaver system is looking down?

Answer 18

First

Question 19

What leaver system is tip toeing?

Answer 19

second

Question 20

What is the acronym for leaver systems?

Answer 20

F, L, E,
1,2,3

Question 21

What is cartilage?

Answer 21

Smooth, hard elastic connective tissue

Question 22

What are the functions of cartilage?

Answer 22

Shock absorber
Friction reduction
Structural support and shape maintenance

Question 23

What cells make up cartilage? and whats the other fuction?

Answer 23

Chondrocytes
secrete proteins that make up extracellular matrix

Question 24

What is the function of Hyaline cartilage, whats it strength and chondrocyte density and where is it found?

Answer 24

Helps bones move smoothly
Weak with medium density
ends of bones

Question 25

What is the function of White fibrous cartilage, whats it strength and chondrocyte density and where is it found?

Answer 25

Holds parts in place
strong with low density
supporting tendons and muscles

Question 26

What is the function of Yellow elastic cartilage, whats it strength and chondrocyte density and where is it found?

Answer 26

Allows bending and maintains shape
Medium strength and high density
Ears and nose

Question 27

What are the functions of bones?

Answer 27

Protection
movement
support
mineral reserve

Question 28

What are the types of bone? Where are they found?

Answer 28

Compact- central
spongey- end of bones

Question 29

What is the function of osteoblasts?

Answer 29

To build new bone

Question 30

What is the function of osteoclasts?

Answer 30

To break down bone