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Pharma > DRUG SAMPLES 1 > Flashcards

DRUG SAMPLES 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Generic name: pilocarpine
mention the Trade name ?

A

ISOPTOCARPINE

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2
Q

Mechanism of action of pilocarpine
(ISOPTOCARPINE) ?

A

Direct acting parasympathomimetic on muscarinic receptors.

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3
Q

Three main therapeutic uses of pilocarpine
(ISOPTOCARPINE) ?

A

1- xerostomia that follows head and neck radiation.
2- decrease IOP in treatment of glaucoma.
3- before surgery to overcome mydriatic effect of atropine.

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4
Q

Three main adverse effects of pilocarpine
(ISOPTOCARPINE) ?

A

1-bradycardia & hypotension.
2- spasm of accommodation.
3- salivation and sweating.
4- nausea and vomiting

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5
Q

Uses of pilocarpine
(ISOPTOCARPINE) in dentistry ?

A

xerostomia

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6
Q

Generic name : Atropine
mention the Trade name?

A

ISOPTOATROPINE

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7
Q

Mechanism of action of Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE) ?

A

non-selective muscarinic blocker

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8
Q

Two similar drugs as Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE)?

A

Scopolamine
Benztropine

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9
Q

Three main therapeutic uses Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE)?

A

1- eye drops as mitotic agent to break adhesions btw irirs & cornea or lens.
2- severe bradycardia.
3-preanasthetic medication to decrease bronchospasm.
4- I.V in AV block due to digoxin toxicity.

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10
Q

Three main adverse effects of Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE)?

A

1- dry mouth.
2- dry skin.
3- constipation.
4- urinary retention.
5- mydriasis and cycloplegia.
6- arrhythmia.

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11
Q

Uses of Atropine (ISOPTOATROPINE) in dentistry ?

A

Decrease flow of saliva during dental procedures

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12
Q

Generic name : Epinephrine
mention the the Trade name?

A

EPINEPHRINE

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13
Q

Mechanism of action of Epinephrine?

A

Direct agonist on all adrenergic receptors alpha & beta.

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14
Q

Routes of administration of Epinephrine?

A

I.V
I.M
S.C
Intracardiac

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15
Q

Three main therapeutic uses of Epinephrine?

حبيب ال heart

A

1- Complete heart block
2- Anaphylactic shock
3- Cardiac arrest
4- Local hemostatic agent
5- Acute bronchial asthma

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16
Q

Three main adverse effects of Epinephrine?

A

1- tachycardia.
2- hypertension.
3- CNS : tremors, headache, nervousness

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17
Q

Uses in dentistry of Epinephrine?

A

1-Control of bleeding after tooth extraction as pack soaked 1% EP.
2- with local anesthesia

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18
Q

Trade name : INDERAL
mention the Generic name?

A

Propranolol

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19
Q

Mechanism of action of Propranolol
(INDERAL)?

A

non-selective beta blocker

20
Q

Two similar drugs as Propranolol
(INDERAL)?

A

Pindolol ,timolol and nadolol

21
Q

Therapeutic uses of Propranolol
(INDERAL)?

Hyper/cardiac/pheooo

A

1-mild to moderate hypertension
2- Hyperthyroidism
3-cardiac arrhythmia.
4-pheochromocytoma.

22
Q

Three adverse effects of Propranolol
(INDERAL)?

بيكره ال heart

A

1-Heart failure in susceptible patients.
2-Bradycardia and heart block.
3-CNS side effects as depression and sedation.
4-Sexual dysfunction and allergic reaction.

23
Q

Effect of sudden withdrawal of Propranolol
(INDERAL)?

A

rebound effect (receptor up regulation).

24
Q

Trade name : Nitrotard
Mention the Generic name?

A

Nitroglycerin

25
Q

Mechanism of action of Nitroglycerin
(Nitrotard) ?

A

Act by releasing NO which activate guanylyl cyclase enzyme&raquo_space;> increase cGMP»>relaxation of veins (decreasing preload )and in high doses relaxation of arteries ( decreasing afterload) and coronary collaterals

26
Q

Two similar drugs as Nitroglycerin
(Nitrotard) ?
Mono/di

A

1- isosorbide mononitrate
2- isosorbide dinitrate.

27
Q

Three main therapeutic uses of Nitroglycerin
(Nitrotard) ?

A

1- Angina pectoris.
2- Acute heart failure.
3- hypertensive emergency

28
Q

Beneficial side effect of Nitroglycerin
(Nitrotard) ?

A

Pulsating headache
It means drug acting full action and there is no tolerance.

29
Q

Drug interaction of Nitroglycerin
(Nitrotard) ?

A

with sildenafil ( PGE5 inhibitor )&raquo_space;» potentiate vasodilator effect&raquo_space;» severe hypotension

30
Q

Trade name : VALIUM
Mention the Generic name?

A

Diazepam

31
Q

Mechanism of action of Diazepam
(VALIUM)?

A

Bind with Benzodiazepine receptors (long acting) causing conformational changes and increase affinity of GABA A receptors to GABA.

32
Q

Two similar drugs as Diazepam
(VALIUM)?

A

Flurazepam
lorazepam

33
Q

Three main therapeutic uses of Diazepam
(VALIUM)?

A

1- Anxiolytic in anxiety disorders as panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder.
2- Hypnotic.
3- Anticonvulsant

34
Q

Three main adverse effects of of Diazepam
(VALIUM)?

A

Residual effects : drawsiness, mental confusion, sedation,
Motor coordination- anterograde amnesia, paradoxical effect of anxiety

35
Q

Uses in dentistry of Diazepam
(VALIUM)?

A

1-preanasthetic medication.
2-Panic attack

36
Q

Mechanism of action of MORPHINE SULPHATE ( Morphine )?

A

agonist on µ (Mu) receptor

37
Q

Two similar drugs of MORPHINE SULPHATE
(Morphine)?

A

Codeine
Heroine
Tramadol

38
Q

Three main therapeutic uses of MORPHINE SULPHATE (Morphine)?

A

1/ Analgesia in severe pain as cancer .
2/ Cardiac asthma.
3/ Preanesthetic medication.

39
Q

Three main adverse effects of MORPHINE SULPHATE (Morphine)?

A

addiction – sedation – respiratory depression

40
Q

Contraindications of MORPHINE SULPHATE (Morphine)? PBB

A

Pregnancy- Biliary colic – Bronchial asthma

41
Q

Uses of MORPHINE SULPHATE (Morphine)? in dentistry

A

-Analgesia
-Preanesthetic medication

42
Q

Generic name : Codeine + paracetamol + caffeine
Mention the trade name?

A

SOLPADINE

43
Q

Mechanism of action of SOLPADINE?

A
  • codeine&raquo_space;» selective agonist for themu opioid receptor.
  • Paracetamol&raquo_space;» inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme
44
Q

Three main therapeutic uses of SOLPADINE?

A

1- headache.
2- antitussive.
3- pain not responding to NSAIDs

45
Q

Three main adverse effects of SOLPADINE?

A
  • Respiratory depression
  • addiction
  • constipation
    -Nephrotoxicity with chronic use
46
Q

Value of combination between
Codeine, paracetamol and caffeine

A
  • Synergism
  • Increase analgesic effect of codeine
  • Decrease respiratory depression

Synergism meaning:
interaction of elements produces an effect that is greater than the effect that would have resulted from each drug alone

47
Q

Uses of SOLPADINE in dentistry ?

A

Analgesic

Pharma (20 decks)

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