Science test body systems

Question 1

What are the requirements of living things?

Answer 1

MRS.GREN = Movement, respiration, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition

Question 2

What classifies something as “living”?

Answer 2

If it follows MRS.GREN

Question 3

Name all the parts of the heart

Answer 3

4 chambers: two upper atria (atriums), two lower ventricles and 4 valves

Question 4

Describe the roles of the 4 valves

Answer 4

1. Aorta = main artery 2. Pulmonary = another artery 3/4. Mitral and tricuspid = main veins carry blood to heart

Question 5

What is the role of veins? What are they?

Answer 5

Veins are blood vessels in the body that carry oxygen-poor blood and pump in back to the heart (to be then pumped to the lungs to be re-oxygenated)

Question 6

What is the role of arteries? What are they?

Answer 6

Arteries are blood vessels that transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to deliver oxygen around the body

Question 7

What is the role of capillaries? What are they?

Answer 7

Capillaries are small blood vessels that branch around the body (particularly in smaller areas such as fingertips or toes) to deliver oxygen and nutrients

Question 8

What is the role of oxygen in the body?

Answer 8

The base of all survival - necessary for respiration, nutrition etc

Question 9

Why does the body need to get rid of CO2?

Answer 9

Whilst in small amounts it is harmless, large amounts of CO2 present in the body is toxic and can cause major harm.

Question 10

Describe the journey of air as it travels down the respiratory system.

Answer 10

Inhale oxygen, travels through the pharynx (back of the throat) to the larynx (voice box) , down the trachea/windpipe and to the bronchi. The air travels down the bronchi into bronchioles, which go to the alveoli for gas exchange. Carbon dioxide is then breathed out.

Question 11

What are bronchi?

Answer 11

The large air passages in the lungs

Question 12

What are bronchioles?

Answer 12

Smaller pathways in the lungs that branch from bronchi

Question 13

What are alveoli?

Answer 13

Tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange takes place

Question 14

What is gas exchange?

Answer 14

The process in the alveoli where CO2 in blood is exchanged with oxygen. This exchange happens with every inhalation and exhalation.

Question 15

What is the trachea?

Answer 15

WIndpipe, airway for oxygen to voice box

Question 16

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 16

A flap in the throat that prevents food and objects from entering the trachea (and lungs)

Question 17

What is the larynx?

Answer 17

Stores the vocal cords, and voice box, above the esophagus and trachea.

Question 18

what is the pharynx?

Answer 18

The hollow tube inside the neck that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagu

Question 19

What is the pathway of the exretory system?

Answer 19

‘Used’ blood which has picked up waste travels to the kidneys. The waste moves through the ureters to the bladder where it is stored. The urine is released through the urethra.

Question 20

On average, how much can the bladder store?

Answer 20

About 600ml

Question 21

What is the urethra?

Answer 21

The organ in which urine exits the body.

Question 22

What do kidneys do?

Answer 22

Cleanse the blood of waste

Question 23

What is the ureter?

Answer 23

@ long tubes acting as pathways from the kidney to the bladder

Question 24

What is the function of the bladder?

Answer 24

Stores urine until release

Question 25

How does the kidneys react to dehydration?

Answer 25

They can send excess water back through the body rather than giving it to the bladder

Question 26

Where does the blood go once it’s been cleaned?

Answer 26

The filtered blood leaves the kidneys through the renal vein, moves up the inferior vena cava, and goes back to the heart

Question 27

What is urine made from?

Answer 27

Waste products, water, and urea

Question 28

Where is the peripheral nervous system located?

Answer 28

Outside the spinal cord and brain. For example arms, legs, etc

Question 29

Where is the central nervous system located?

Answer 29

In the spinal cord and brain

Question 30

Function of the motor neuron

Answer 30

Sends an electrical response to parts of the body to cause a voluntary or involuntary response to a stimuli

Question 31

The function of the sensory neuron

Answer 31

Converting reactions to stimuli into an electrical signal

Question 32

What is the reflex response pathway? (decision making)

Answer 32

The stimulus is acknowledged by the receptor. This passes through the peripheral system via the sensory neuron to the brain where a response is sent through the motor neurons to initiate a response.

Question 33

What is the reflex response pathway? (automatic)

Answer 33

stimulus —> receptor —> sensory nerve —> spinal cord (spinal reflex arc) —> motor neuron —> effector (thing that does response) —> response

Question 34

What is homeostasis?

Answer 34

The state of hormonal/chemical/internal balance in a living thing

Question 35

In what ways can the body maintain its body temperature?

Answer 35

Sweating times of heat, goosebumps/shivering when cold

Question 36

What is a cell membrane (neuron)?

Answer 36

Where processes are triggered

Question 37

What is the myelin sheath (neuron)?

Answer 37

Fatty layer surrounding the axon to protect cell and speed up signal

Question 38

What is the axon?

Answer 38

Part of nerve cell where electrical signal travels down

Question 39

What are dendrites?

Answer 39

Where nerve received signals

Question 40

What are axon endings?

Answer 40

Where nerve cell connects synapse to another cell.

Question 41

Where does the right side of the heart pump to?

Answer 41

The lungs

Question 42

Where does the left side of the heart pump to?

Answer 42

The body

Question 43

Where does the left side of the heart pump to?

Answer 43

The body

Question 44

What side of the heart is stronger? Why?

Answer 44

Left = pumps to body = more area to pump to