Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

are haloalkanes polar?

A

yes
the carbon-halogen bond is polar as the halogen is more electronegative than carbon

means that the carbon is delta +ve

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2
Q

why can haloalkanes react with nucleophiles?

A

the delta +ve carbon can attract species with a lone pair of electrons

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3
Q

what is a nucleophile?

A

an atom or group of atoms which donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond

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4
Q

what is the reaction between a nucleophile and haloalkane called?

A

nucleophilic substitution

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5
Q

what does the rate of hydrolysis depend on?

A

the strength of the carbon-halogen bond

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6
Q

order of increasing strength of carbon-halogen bonds

A

C-I
C-Br
C-Cl
C-F

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7
Q

order of increasing strength of carbon-halogen bonds

A

C-I weakest
C-Br
C-Cl strongest

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8
Q

why do iodoalkanes react faster than bromoalkanes?

A

the C-I bond has a low bond enthalpy so requires less energy to overcome and break the covalent bond

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9
Q

C-Cl bond is

A

strongest
slowest rate of hydrolysis

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10
Q

C-I bond is

A

weakest
fastest rate of hydrolysis

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11
Q

what radiation does the ozone absorb?

A

UV

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12
Q

why is UV radiation dangerous?

A

leads to skin cancer and burns

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13
Q

equation of formation and breaking down of ozone

A
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14
Q

why are CFCs very stable?

A

contain carbon-halogen bonds which are strong

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15
Q

what do CFCs break down into in the stratosphere?

A

chlorine radicals

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16
Q

initiation of CFCs

A
17
Q

propagation of CFCs

A
18
Q

overall equation of the breakdown of the ozone

A
19
Q

how is ozone maintained?

A

O3 <-/-> O2 + O

the rate of decomposition of O3 is the same as the rate of O3 formation

20
Q

why is the breakdown of ozone a chain reaction?

A

the chlorine radical is reformed at the end which causes more ozone to break down

21
Q

what happens when a compund absorbs infrared radiation?

A

the bonds vibrate