Chapter 15 Flashcards
are haloalkanes polar?
yes
the carbon-halogen bond is polar as the halogen is more electronegative than carbon
means that the carbon is delta +ve
why can haloalkanes react with nucleophiles?
the delta +ve carbon can attract species with a lone pair of electrons
what is a nucleophile?
an atom or group of atoms which donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond
what is the reaction between a nucleophile and haloalkane called?
nucleophilic substitution
what does the rate of hydrolysis depend on?
the strength of the carbon-halogen bond
order of increasing strength of carbon-halogen bonds
C-I
C-Br
C-Cl
C-F
order of increasing strength of carbon-halogen bonds
C-I weakest
C-Br
C-Cl strongest
why do iodoalkanes react faster than bromoalkanes?
the C-I bond has a low bond enthalpy so requires less energy to overcome and break the covalent bond
C-Cl bond is
strongest
slowest rate of hydrolysis
C-I bond is
weakest
fastest rate of hydrolysis
what radiation does the ozone absorb?
UV
why is UV radiation dangerous?
leads to skin cancer and burns
equation of formation and breaking down of ozone
why are CFCs very stable?
contain carbon-halogen bonds which are strong
what do CFCs break down into in the stratosphere?
chlorine radicals
initiation of CFCs
propagation of CFCs
overall equation of the breakdown of the ozone
