Chapter 16

Question 1

what does heating under reflux ensure?

Answer 1

that volatile compounds dont escape the reaction mixture

Question 2

how is an organic product purified?

Answer 2

remove mixed solution

put solution into a separating funnel

invert the funnel and then allow the layers to settle

compare density of organic product to water:
- if more than 1 then it is the lower layer
- if less than 1 then it is the upper layer

tap off the organic layer

dry using CaCl2 agent

redistill at given temp

Question 3

how are acid impurities removed from the organic layer?

Answer 3

add sodium carbonate into separating funnel and shake mixture

allow the CO2 gas produced to be released at regular intervals

Question 4

examples of drying agents

Answer 4

CaCl2
MgSO4
CaSO4

Question 5

why is a drying agent added?

Answer 5

to remove any water left in the organic product