Chapter 16 Flashcards
what does heating under reflux ensure?
that volatile compounds dont escape the reaction mixture
how is an organic product purified?
remove mixed solution
put solution into a separating funnel
invert the funnel and then allow the layers to settle
compare density of organic product to water:
- if more than 1 then it is the lower layer
- if less than 1 then it is the upper layer
tap off the organic layer
dry using CaCl2 agent
redistill at given temp
how are acid impurities removed from the organic layer?
add sodium carbonate into separating funnel and shake mixture
allow the CO2 gas produced to be released at regular intervals
examples of drying agents
CaCl2
MgSO4
CaSO4
why is a drying agent added?
to remove any water left in the organic product