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AP United States History > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Manifest Destiny?

A

-To possess the whole continent from sea to shining sea
-Providence supports Manifest Destiny

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2
Q

Why were Americans interested in westward expansion?

A

-Americans needed more access to mineral and natural resources (think California Gold Rush prompted by the discovery of gold in the region 1848)
-More economic and homestead opportunities
-Religious refuge (think Mormons because of their polygamy)

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3
Q

Which president was a big believer in Manifest Destiny?

A

James K. Polk

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4
Q

What regions was President Polk looking to add to the nation?

A

Texas and Oregon

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5
Q

In 1829, what requirements did the Mexican government impose on people living in their borders?

A

-Convert to Roman Catholicism
-Outlawed slavery

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6
Q

Who led the fight for Texas to be independent from Mexico?

A

Sam Houston

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7
Q

Why did Jackston and Van Buren hesitant to grant Texas statehood?

A

Because it could cause a war with Mexico, which didn’t recognize Texas’ independence

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8
Q

What did Polk do to get Oregon?

A

Made a treaty with Britain in which the Oregon Territory was divided at the 49th parallel

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9
Q

What were the causes of the Mexican-American War?

A

-Texas wanted to be annexed by the United States
-Mexico wasn’t willing to negotiate with Slidell on selling more Mexican land and determining the southern border of Texas

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10
Q

What were the effects of the Mexican American War/provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A

-Established the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas
-Outlined the Mexican Cession (Mexico ceded California and New Mexico to the U.S.)

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11
Q

What was the Wilmot Proviso (1846)?

A

Proposed that any lands gained from victory in the Mexican-War would be off limits for the expansion of slavery

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12
Q

What was the idea of free soil?

A

The acquirement of additional land for homesteaders to settle on without competition from the system of slavery;
More economic than a moral issue

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13
Q

How did the South view slavery?

A

As a consitutional right;
Had been decided in the Missouri Compromise

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14
Q

What did the Free Soil Movement mean?

A

(Composed of Northern Democrats and Whigs)
Wanted new territories acquired to be the dominion of free laborers

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15
Q

How was the Free Soil Movement divided?

A

-People who just wanted new lands to be lands of white opportunity
-Abolitionists who wanted slavery gone

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16
Q

What is popular sovereignty?

A

Argued that the people living in each territory should decide the slavery question for themselves

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17
Q

What was the Compromise of 1850?

A

-Mexican Cession divided into Utah and New Mexico territories and would practices popular sovereignty
-California, a free state
-Slave trade, no no in Washington D.C.
-Stricter Fugitive Slave Law

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18
Q

What was the response the Irish and German immigrants coming in before the Civil War?

A

Anti-Catholic nativists movement

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19
Q

What was the Know-Nothing Party?

A

Concerned with limiting immigrants’ cultural and political influence

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20
Q

Why did the North generally oppose slavery?

A

It was largely economic grounds;
Job competition would increase for free wage laborers when a new state is added

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21
Q

What was the impact of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”?

A

Depicted the dehumanization and brutality of slavery in graphic detail

22
Q

What was the Underground Railroad?

A

A series of trails and safehouses through which enslaved people in the South could be free in the North

23
Q

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)?

A

Overturned the Compromise of 1820 by having sections above the line use popular sovereingty to decide their status

24
Q

What was Bleeding Kansas?

A

In which people fled to Kansas and engaged in violence over the slavery question

25
Q

What was the Dred Scott Decision (1857)?

A

-Established that Dred Scott was a slave and not a citizen and had no right to sue in a federal court
-Congress cannot deprive citizens of their property (and slaves were property)

26
Q

What did the Republican Party believe in (born in 1854)?

A

Argued that slavery should not be able to spread into new territories

27
Q

How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act affect the Whig Party?

A

It divided and weakened it

28
Q

How was the Democratic Party divided by the slavery question?

A

Northern Democrats:
-Wanted slavery question answered by popular sovereignity

Southern Democrats:
-Wanted slavery in new territories protected by federal slave code

29
Q

When did South Carolina secede?

A

December, 1860

30
Q

Why did states secede from the Union during this time?

A

To protect the institution of slavery

31
Q

What were the advantages the South had in the Civil War?

A

-Fought a defensive war
-More experienced military leaders (Lee and Jackson)

32
Q

What were the advantages the North had in the Civil War?

A

-4x population
-Had a robust navy
-Had economic advantage (control of banks, manufacturing, and railroads)
-Central government

33
Q

How did both sides of the Civil War raise money for it?

A

North: modernizing productive capacities
South: tariffs and taxes on exports

34
Q

What was the New York City Draft Riots (1863)?

A

Working class rebelling against the draft exemption of the rich

35
Q

What was the Union’s strategy of the Anaconda Plan?

A

Block Southern ports and control the Mississippi River, which would split the Confederacy in half

36
Q

What did the Southern strategy rely on?

A

Foreign help, especially from Britain and France

37
Q

What was the Emancipation Proclamation (1862)?

A

Lincoln freed enslaved peoples in the Confederacy

38
Q

What were the Border States?

A

Slave states part of the Union

39
Q

How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the scope of the war?

A

It wasn’t just about protecting the Union; it was about eradicating slavery

40
Q

How was the Emancipation Proclamation successful?

A

-Prompted enslaved workers in Confederacy to escape plantations and run to safety of Union line
-Closed door on British involvement

41
Q

How was the Battle of Vicksburg significant?

A

Granted the Union control of the Mississippi

42
Q

How was the Gettsburg Addess significant?

A

-Unify the nation
-Portray the struggle against slavery as the fulfillment of America’s founded democratic ideals

43
Q

What was Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan?

A

Established a minimum test of political loyalty for southern states to return to the Union

44
Q

What were Black Codes?

A

Restricted the freedom of southern black folks

45
Q

What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?

A

Helped newly emancipated people get back on their feet

46
Q

What was the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

A

Protected the citizenship of black folks and gave them equal protection under the laws

47
Q

What did the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 do?

A

-Divided the South and put them under military occupation
-Increased requirement for the states to rejoin the Union

48
Q

What did the Tenure Act of 1867 do?

A

Made it illegal for a president to fire a member of his cabinet without congressional approval

49
Q

What was sharecropping?

A

Land owners provided seed and farm supplies to the worker in exchange for a share of the harvest

50
Q

What did the Ku Klux Klan do?

A

Among other disgusting things, facilitate the lynching of freedpeoples

51
Q

What was the Compromise of 1877, which ended Reconstruction?

A

-Democrats agreed to concede election to Hayes
-Republicans removed federal troops from the South

AP United States History (9 decks)

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