globalisation

Question 1

globalistion

Answer 1

a process of change that leads to increasing economic, social and political integration between countries and regions.

Question 2

economic globalisation caused by

Answer 2

the growth of TNCs.

Question 3

cultral globalisation

Answer 3

impact of Western culture, art, media, sport & leisure.

Question 4

political globalisation

Answer 4

Growth of Western Democracies, the UN.

Question 5

TNC

Answer 5

A firm that owns or controls productive operations in more than one country through foreign direct investment.

Question 6

global supply chain

Answer 6

a worldwide network to maximize profits in production.

Question 7

global value chain

Answer 7

refers to the full range of activities that economic actors engaged in to bring a product to market.

Question 8

global shift in manufacturing

Answer 8

the movement of manufacturing from HICs to cheaper production locations in LICs

Question 9

drivers of globalisation

Answer 9

• Improvements in transportation
• Freedom of trade
• Improvements of communications
• Labour availability and skills
• Growth of TNCs

Question 10

Improvements in transportation

Answer 10

• Larger cargo ships mean that the cost of transporting goods between countries has decreased
• Economies of scale mean the cost per item can reduce when operating on a larger scale.
• Transport improvements also mean that goods and people can travel more quickly.

Question 11

Freedom of trade

Answer 11

organisations like the World Trade Organisation (WTO) promote free trade between countries, which help to remove barriers between countries.

Question 12

Improvements of communications

Answer 12

the internet and mobile technology have allowed greater communication between people in different countries.

Question 13

Labour availability and skills

Answer 13

• Countries such as India have lower labour costs and also high skill levels.
• Labour intensive industries such as clothing can take advantage of cheaper labour costs and reduced legal restrictions in LEDCs.

Question 14

impacts of globalisation

Answer 14

• Child labour & chocolate production ( Nestle, Mars) on the Ivory Coast.
• TNCs – Nike..footloose
• Niger Delta – Oil spills & exploitation - Shell
• Rana Plaza disaster in Bangladesh & fast fashion.

Question 15

positive impacts of globalisation

Answer 15

• new jobs and skills for local people.
• bring wealth & foreign currency to local economies
• Stable jobs
• The sharing of ideas
• increases awareness of events in faraway parts of the world.
• help to make people more aware of global issues such as deforestation

Question 16

negative impacts of globalisation

Answer 16

• Globalisation operates mostly in the interests of the richest countries
• There are no guarantees that the wealth from inward investment will benefit the local community
• An absence of strictly enforced international laws means that TNCs may operate in LEDCs in a way that would not be allowed in an MEDC
• viewed as a threat to the world’s cultural diversity.

Question 17

upstream operations

Answer 17

• extraction of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids.
• markets and transports oil and gas, and operates the infrastructure necessary to deliver them to market

Question 18

downstream operations

Answer 18

It processes crude oil and other chemicals into a range of products which are moved and marketed around the world for domestic, industrial and transport use.