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GCSE WJEC triple science Y11 wales > BIOLOGY - Classification and Biodiversity > Flashcards

BIOLOGY - Classification and Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

what does biodiversity mean

A

the number and variety of different species in an area

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2
Q

what does vertebrate mean

A

an animal with a backbone

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3
Q

what does invertebrate mean

A

an animal without a backbone

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4
Q

What is morphology?

A

The study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.

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5
Q

What is DNA?

A

A molecule that genes are made from

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6
Q

wat does classification mean

A

putting organisms into groups according to their similarities, a hierarchical system is used.

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7
Q

what does interspecific competition mean

A

competition for resources between organisms of different species

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8
Q

what does intraspecific competition mean

A

competition for resources between organisms of the same species

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9
Q

what does bias mean

A

sampling bias is when the sample in the question is not representative of the general population

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10
Q

what does accuracy mean

A

a measurement result is considered accurate if it is judged to be close to the true value

• the closeness of a measured value to the true value

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11
Q

what does precision mean

A

this shows the closeness of agreement between measured values.

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12
Q

what does repeatability mean

A

the precision obtained when repeat readings are obtained by a single learner/group

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13
Q

what does reproducibility mean

A

the precision obtained when repeat readings are obtained by a different learners/group

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14
Q

what does biological control mean

A

the control of a pest by using a natural predator

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15
Q

wat does alien species mean

A

a species introduced (deliberately or accidentally) into a habitat from another country where it has never lived before

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16
Q

what does habitat mean

A

place where an organism lives

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17
Q

what does random mean

A

by chance and not biased

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18
Q

what does sampling mean

A

studying a small section

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19
Q

what does representative mean

A

a good estamite of the whole area

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20
Q

what does abundance mean

A

how much of each species there are in an area

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21
Q

what does distribution mean

A

how the species is spread across an area

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22
Q

what does population mean

A

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

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23
Q

suggest two broad kingdoms for living organisms and small description

A

animals (they move in search of food)
&
plants (they make their own food by photosynthesis)

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24
Q

animals and plants are two broad kingdoms for living organisms, suggest the sub groups within these and give examples of them

A

for animal there is
• invertebrates, do not have a backbone, eg - insects
• vertebrates, do have a backbone, eg - snakes

for plants there is
• flowering, produce flowers, eg - sunflowers and trees
• non flowering , don’t produce flowers, eg - moss, ferns

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25
Q

what does the term morphological features mean

A

to do with physical appearance/what they look like

26
Q

since not all organisms can be placed into the plant and animal kingdom , a 5 kingdom classification system is used using morphological features

what are the 5 kingdom classification system

A

1 - animals
2 - fungi
3 - plants
4 - bacteria
5 - single cell organisms

27
Q

kingdoms can be subdivided into smaller groups called phyla (singular = phylum) and a phyla can be subdivided into classes

give an example of a phyla from the animal kingdom

A

vertebrates or invertebrates

they are subdivided from the animal kingdom

28
Q

give examples of the 5 classes that are subdivided from phyla from the animal kingdom

acronym : MR FAB

A

m - mammals
r - reptiles

f- fish
a - amphibians
b - birds

29
Q

what 3 features does a mammal have
and give an example of a mammal

A

hair/fur
gives birth
lungs

eg - cow

30
Q

what 3 features does a reptile have
and give an example of a reptile

A

dry scales
lays eggs
lungs

eg - crocodile

31
Q

what 3 features do fish have
and give an example of a fish

A

wet scales
gills
lays eggs

eg- sardine

32
Q

what 3 features do amphibians have
and give an example of an amphibian

A

smooth moist skin
lungs
lays eggs

eg. frog

33
Q

what 3 features do birds have
and give an example of a bird

A

has feathers/beaks/wings
lungs
lays eggs

e.g. robin

34
Q

Kingdoms can be divided into smaller groups called phyla (singular = phylum) and phyla can be divided into classes, and the process of subdivision goes on

including kingdoms, name all subdivisions (taxa)

acronym : King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti

A

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

35
Q

all organisms have a scientific name to help identify them
and has two parts, name the two parts and describe how they should be written

A

genus and species

they must be written with the genus name starting with a capital letter, and the species name has no capital letter.

eg. Homo sapiens is the scientific name for humans

36
Q

why are scientific names used?

A

with a scientific name it is universally understood and to avoid confusion with many different common names in different languages

• universally understood
• avoid confusion from different common names in different languages

37
Q

name some adaptations that life have in an aquatic water environment like a fish

A

• eyes give vision all around except front and back
• narrow shape to swim faster

38
Q

name some adaptations that life have in a very hot climate like a cactus

A

• stems store water
• prickles will prevent water loss

39
Q

name some adaptations that life has in a very hot environment like a camel

A

• large feet surface area to help walk in the sand
• stores fat in lumps

40
Q

name some adaptations that life have in a very cold climate like a polar bear

A

• small ears to reduce heat loss
• large feet surface area to help walk on snow

41
Q

name some adaptations that a lion has - the perfect predator

A

• mane to compete with males
• eyes to see directly in front

42
Q

name some adaptations that a rabbit has - prey animal

A

• eyes on side of the head
• ears to hear predators

43
Q

what 5 resources may animals be in competition for in its habitat

A
  • space
  • nutrients
  • water
  • mates
  • light
44
Q

other than competition, what are the three other factors keep the populations under control

A
  • predators
  • pollution
  • disease
45
Q

biodiversity is important as a variety of species can be used for certain things
give 4 examples

A

• industrial materials - timber, clay

• drugs/medicine - leach helps to restore blood, fungus for penicillin

• food - cows, pigs, chicken, pollen, insects

• human well being - sports, medication, being out in nature

46
Q

name 3 ways we can maintain biodiversity

A

seed banks - preserve seeds of rare plants for future use
national parks - large scale ecosystem
prevention of hunting/poaching - make illegal to hunt certain species

47
Q

large areas cannot be explored to find out all the organisms living there, so what way is used to get an idea of the numbers living in large areas?

A

sampling - used to estimate population size

48
Q

what equipment do you need to study an area to measure biodiversity

A

a quadrat

49
Q

what is a quadrat

A

a square frame of a standard size, eg. 1m x 1m

50
Q

why does the quadrat need to be placed at random?

A

to avoid bias

51
Q

why is it necessary to repeat sampling
many times

A

make sure its more reliable and for more accurate results

52
Q

state two limitations of random sampling

A

• may miss some species
• some areas unsampled/sampled more than once

53
Q

Yoooooo

A

Yoooooo

54
Q

how can we measure an animal population that moves around?

A

a technique called capture/recapture is used

55
Q

name disadvantages of alien species

A

sometimes it can become invasive and outcompete and prey on the native species, or it may carry a disease affecting existing populations

• may become invasive
• may outcompete
• prey on native species
• carry disease affecting existing populations

this reduces biodiversity and can upset the natural ecosystem

56
Q

what are problems with herbicide treatment

A

-bioaccumulation
-weed/pests may become resistant
-non specific, as it can kill non target species

57
Q

sometimes scientists will control insect pests, weeds, etc, by deliberately releasing a natural predator where they are. what is the term used to describe this

A

biological control

58
Q

List 2 ways a non native natural predator can become a pest themselves

A

• might prey on non target species

• might compete with native species

59
Q

there is chemical control where they use chemical sprays for pests

name 2 advantages and disadvantages

A

advantatges
-works quickly
-not affected by temperature

disadvantages
-resistance develops
-requires more than one spray

60
Q

theres biological control where they use some sort of species for pests

name 2 advantages and disadvantages

A

advantages
-no resistance
-works first time

disadvantages
-takes a while to work
-works only in certain temperatures

GCSE WJEC triple science Y11 wales (21 decks)

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