Decalcification - MIDTERM

Question 1

Recommended fixative prior to decalcification is _______

Answer 1

buffered formalin

Question 2

WHAT SPECIMEN?
Use Zinc formalin, Lilies B5, Formol-acetic alcohol (Davidson Fixative) or Bouin’s

Answer 2

bone marrow specimen

Question 3

What fixative should never be used prior to decalcification?

Answer 3

Carnoy’s – may cause extreme chemical toxicity

Question 4

DECALCIFICATION
Ideal thickness must be ______

Answer 4

1-3 mm

Question 5

Ratio of fluid to tissue is _____, the volume of the decalcifying agent must be 10-20x of the specimen

Answer 5

20:1

Question 6

Optimal Temperature for decalcification is _______

Answer 6

Room Temperature (RT)

Question 7

Auto Technicon can only perform the first four steps of tissue processing such as _____, _____, _____, and ______

Answer 7

fixation, dehydration, clearing and infiltration

Question 8

Auto Technicon cannot do decalcification, we do decalcification _______

Answer 8

manually

Question 9

The positively charged calcium ions are attached to negative electrodes from the decalcifying solution – facilitating calcium removal

Answer 9

electrolytic method

Question 10

The most rapid because by electricity, calcium is removed

Answer 10

electrolytic method

Question 11

Calcium is rapidly removed by the decalcifying solution containing formic acid, thereby increasingly solubility from tissues

Answer 11

ion exchange resin

Question 12

the process is longer than Electrolytic Method

Answer 12

ion exchange resin

Question 13

duration for ion exchange resin

Answer 13

1-14 days

Question 14

chelating agent

Answer 14

EDTA

Question 15

very good anticoagulant, a potent anticoagulant

Answer 15

EDTA

Question 16

As a potent agent, it is considered “weak”

Answer 16

EDTA

Question 17

It is considered as the best decalcifier in electron microscopy, enzyme and immunohistochemistry (histochemical staining)

Answer 17

EDTA

Question 18

remedy for EDTA

Answer 18

magnesium chloride

Question 19

For small specimens- decalcification may be carried out for ______

Answer 19

1-3 weeks

Question 20

For dense tissues- decalcification may be carried out for ______

Answer 20

6-8 weeks

Question 21

EDTA must be changed every _______

Answer 21

3 days

Question 22

nitric containing acids

Answer 22

5-10% Nitric Acid, Formol Nitric, Perenyi’s, Phloroglucin

Question 23

most commonly used acid

Answer 23

nitric acid

Question 24

For routine decalcification, most commonly used

Answer 24

10% aqueous nitric acid

Question 25

duration of 10% AQUEOUS NITRIC ACID

Answer 25

24 hours

Question 26

nitric acid + formaldehyde = ________

Answer 26

formol nitric acid

Question 27

Double purpose
Requires fume hood if used
Duration is 1-3 days

Answer 27

formol nitric acid

Question 28

Double purpose, can be used as decalcifying agent and tissue softener

Answer 28

Perenyi’s nitric, chromic acid and ethyl alcohol

Question 29

duration time for Perenyi’s nitric, chromic acid and ethyl alcohol

Answer 29

2-7 days

Question 30

Combining nitric acid + chromic acid +
ethyl alcohol = _______

Answer 30

Perenyi’s fluid

Question 31

Phloroglucin + Nitric acid = _______

Answer 31

phloroglucin nitric