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Patología Aparatos y Sistemas > Immune system > Flashcards

Immune system Flashcards

1
Q

Most common clinical manifestations of SLE

A

Hematologic
Fatigue
Arthritis, arthralgia or myalgia
Skin
Renal

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2
Q

“SOAP BRAIN, MD” mnemonic for SLE criteria

A

Serositis
Oral ulcers
Arthritis
Photosensitivity
Blood disorders
Renal involvement
ANAs
Immuno. (andi-dsDNA, anti-Sm, antiphospholipid antibodies)
Neurological disorders
Malar or Discoid rash

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3
Q

Genes that create genetic predisposition to SLE

A

HLA-DRA2 & HLA-DRA3

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4
Q

Most widely used method for detection of ANAs

A

Indirect immunofluorescence

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5
Q

Complement proteins deficient in SLE

A

C1q, C2 and C4

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6
Q

Common triggers of SLE, have not been proved as a cause for the disease.

A

UV light and EBV

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7
Q

Air particles or substances that increase the risk of developing SLE.

A

Cigarette smoking and silica

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8
Q

Type of hypersensitivity causing systemic lesions in SLE.

A

Type III hypersensitivity

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9
Q

Mechanism through which blood vessels are damaged in lupus.

A

Increased vascular permeability, complement activation and accuulation of PMNs that secrete enzymes.

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10
Q

Most dangerous clinical manifestation in SLE because of its high morbidity and mortality.

A

Renal involvement

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11
Q

Parts of the kidney where immune complexes deposit in SLE.

A

Glomerular basement membrane, mesangium and sometimes in the glomerulus.

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12
Q

Most common glomerular disease pattern in SLE.

A

Class IV
Class 1 is the least common

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13
Q

Types of class IV SLE kidney disease (diffuse lupus nephritis)

A

50% or more glomeruli with lesions:
IV-S: Lesions involving <half of glomerular tuft.
IV-G: Lesions involving >half of glomerular tuft.

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14
Q

Classes with which membranous lupus nephritis (V) can occur

A

III and IV

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15
Q

SLE nephritis in which 90% or more of the flomeruli are globally sclerosed.

A

VI. Advanced sclerotic lupus nephritis.

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16
Q

These deposits may cause the thickening of the capillary wall of the glomerulous, forming the wire loops structures on class IV SLE nephtropaty.

A

Subendothelial immune complex

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17
Q

Diffuse thickening of the glomerulous capillary walls.

A

Membranous lupus nephritis class V

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18
Q

Sclerosis of more than 90% of the glomeruli in SLE.

A

Advanced sclerosing lupus nephritis class VI

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19
Q

Findings in HE stained skin in SLE

A

Vacuolar degeneration of the basal layer of the epidermis.
Variable edema and perivascular inflammation in the dermis.

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20
Q

SLE skin finding with IF

A

Deposition of Ig and complement in the dermoepidermal junction.

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21
Q

Type of joint involvement in SLE

A

Non-erosive synovitis with little deformity

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22
Q

Histopathologic finding of the spleen in SLE

A

Perioarteriolar fibrosis (onion skinning)
Concentric intimal and smooth muscle cell hyperplasia

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23
Q

Histopathologic finding of the bone marrow in SLE

A

LE or hematoxylin bodies

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24
Q

Histopathologic skin findings in chronic discoid lupus erythematosus

A

Follicular plug (carpet tack)
Liquefaction degeneration
Thick basement membrane

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25
Q

Type of lupus with predominant skin involvement, initial widespread superficial and non-scarring rash and no genetic association, with extreme photosensitivity.

A

Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus

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26
Q

Drugs that may cause drug-induced LSE

A

Hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid and D-penicillamine

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27
Q

Type of synovitis of RA

A

Non-suppurative, proliferative and inflammatory

28
Q

Genes associated to RA

A

HLA-DR4 & HLA-DR1

29
Q

Articular lesions in RA

A

Symmetrical polyarthritis
Z deformity
Tenosynovitis
Carpal tunnel syndrome

30
Q

Skin finding in RA

A

Bursitis and rheumatoid nodules

31
Q

Finger discoloration finding in RA

A

Raynaud phenomenon

32
Q

Citrullinated protein that mimics the epitope on microbes and is presented by class II HLA-DR4 molecule on RA.

A

Vinculin

33
Q

CC produced by Th1 cells in RA that activates macrophages and resident synovial cells.

A

IFN-y

34
Q

CC produced by Th17 cells in RA that recruits neutrophils and monocytes.

A

IL-17

35
Q

Factor expressed by activated T cells in RA, simulates bone resorption.

A

RANKL

36
Q

An activated macrophage producing TNF and IL 1 in RA, will stimulate synovial cells to produce________ to ______

A

MMP and ADAMTS to destroy cartilage

37
Q

Diagnostic markers found in serum in RA

A

Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA)

38
Q

Ig that form rheumatoid factor in RA

A

IgM and IgA, not specific.

39
Q

Radiologic finding that differentiates RA from osteoarthritis

A

RA involves the non-weight bearing portion of the knee.

40
Q

First joints affected in RA

A

Small joints, first in hands (metacarpo-phalangeal and proximal interphalangeal)

41
Q

Necrotizing skin granulomas with central fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by activated macrophages.

A

Rheumatoid nodules

42
Q

These organisms infect in mantained anti-TNF therapy

A

Opportunistic microorganisms (M. tuberculosis)

43
Q

Swelling of popliteal fold in RA

A

Baker cyst

44
Q

Cells infected and attacked by HIV

A

CD4+ T cells

45
Q

Receptor and correceptors used by HIV

A

R: CD4
Correceptor: gp120, CCR5 and CXCR4

46
Q

Pathway activated by HIV to increase the number of cells infected

A

Inflammasome pathway (more cell recruitment)

47
Q

Organs where HIV infection of macrophages and DCs takes place.

A

lungs and brain

48
Q

Predominant cell type infected with HIV.

A

Microglia

49
Q

Most common neoplasm in patients with AIDS

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

50
Q

Tinción que resalta hongos (hifas y esporas)

A

PAS y grocott (argénica de plata)

51
Q

Afección de los virus en las células

A

Inclusiones virales

52
Q

Virus que causa inclusión en saco de canicas (vesículas con núcleos contaminados), sólo se ve en epitelio escamoso

A

Herpes simple

53
Q

Centro necrótico, rodeado de linfocitos con células gigantes multinucleadas.

A

Granuloma

54
Q

Protozoarios sugestivos de VIH

A

Cryptosporidium, P. jirovecii y toxoplasma

55
Q

Hongos sugesitos de VIH

A

Candida, Cryptococous en SNC, Coccidioides, Histoplasma

56
Q

Patient with HIV presents interstitial pneumonia and cavitations.
Alveolar biopsy shows alveolar exudate.
Grocott stain is requested and black spots are shown.

A

P. jirovecii infection

57
Q

Viral inclusion shown as only 1 owl eye everywhere in the body, often in HIV.

A

CMV

58
Q

Person with HIV presents chronic diarrhea refractary to treatment. Most common coinfection?

A

Cryptosporidium

59
Q

HIV patient with meningitis and encephalitis, grocott stain of CSF is asked.

A

Cryptococcous pneoformans

60
Q

HIV infected patient presents encephalitis

A

T. gondii

61
Q

For a patient to develop a Kaposi Sarcoma it must be infected with

A

Herpes virus 8

62
Q

Escala utilizada para graduar el rechazo renal

A

Clasificación de Banff

63
Q

Complement and coagulation activation after blood restorage in a transplant for HLA recognition and preformed antibodies.

A

Hyperacute rejection

64
Q

Rejection within days or weeks or transplant, or after immunosuppressive treatment is suspended with possible damage to blood vessels.

A

Acute rejection

65
Q

Renal tubulitis after transplantation, with infiltrates in the tubules.

A

Acute kidney transplant rejection

66
Q

Explain the diagram and structures.

A

Acute rejection
B: acute cellular rejection (tubulitis)
C: vascular rejection

Patología Aparatos y Sistemas (5 decks)

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